20
2 Historical Annotations
2002 The recommendations on ICZM (2002/413/EC) were approved by the
European Parliament and the Council and published in June (EC, 2002).
2007 Getting into force of the European Flood Risk Management Directive
(FRMD) (EC, 2007b).
2013 The European Commission released a proposal on the establishment of a
framework for maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal management
(EC, 2013).
Exercise
• Categorize them according to binding and non-binding documents.
• Find out which instruments exist if signatories do not obey the content of these
documents.
2.3 European Developments
Certainly the occupation with coastal issues started on European level also in the 1960s
or earlier. The first visible document is the Resolution on the protection of coastal areas
by the Council of Europe in 1973 (CEC, 1973). Therein, it was concluded that “the situation is liable to deteriorate still further in the future, having regard on the one hand to the
scarcity of coastal areas and the vulnerability of the concentration of human activities on
those areas”. Furthermore, “the protection of the coast can only be effective if multiple
interests and problems are taken simultaneously into account (maintenance of the ecological and biological balance, preservation of the beauty of landscapes and conservation
of natural resources, promotion of economic and tourist development, safeguarding of the
hinterland)” (CEC, 1973, p. 96).
Based on these conclusions the resolution contains 16 recommendations on how the
European Member States should orientate their coastal policies.
5 Here, only a few are
highlighted:
• Institute appropriate machinery to co-ordinate the various actions concerning the coastline
whether they are initiated by the State or local authorities
• Regulate development in coastal areas:
– by issuing development bans applying to appropriate strips of land along the seafront and
– by subjecting the granting of development permits to particularly stringent conditions
• Review systematically the uses to which public land in coastal belts is put, in order to further
the policy of protecting and improving those areas
• Adopt special measures to protect coasts from erosion and landslides:
5 The entire list of these recommendations can be found in specific websites; see, for example,
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/iczm/background.htm
2 Historical Annotations
2002 The recommendations on ICZM (2002/413/EC) were approved by the
European Parliament and the Council and published in June (EC, 2002).
2007 Getting into force of the European Flood Risk Management Directive
(FRMD) (EC, 2007b).
2013 The European Commission released a proposal on the establishment of a
framework for maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal management
(EC, 2013).
Exercise
• Categorize them according to binding and non-binding documents.
• Find out which instruments exist if signatories do not obey the content of these
documents.
2.3 European Developments
Certainly the occupation with coastal issues started on European level also in the 1960s
or earlier. The first visible document is the Resolution on the protection of coastal areas
by the Council of Europe in 1973 (CEC, 1973). Therein, it was concluded that “the situation is liable to deteriorate still further in the future, having regard on the one hand to the
scarcity of coastal areas and the vulnerability of the concentration of human activities on
those areas”. Furthermore, “the protection of the coast can only be effective if multiple
interests and problems are taken simultaneously into account (maintenance of the ecological and biological balance, preservation of the beauty of landscapes and conservation
of natural resources, promotion of economic and tourist development, safeguarding of the
hinterland)” (CEC, 1973, p. 96).
Based on these conclusions the resolution contains 16 recommendations on how the
European Member States should orientate their coastal policies.
5 Here, only a few are
highlighted:
• Institute appropriate machinery to co-ordinate the various actions concerning the coastline
whether they are initiated by the State or local authorities
• Regulate development in coastal areas:
– by issuing development bans applying to appropriate strips of land along the seafront and
– by subjecting the granting of development permits to particularly stringent conditions
• Review systematically the uses to which public land in coastal belts is put, in order to further
the policy of protecting and improving those areas
• Adopt special measures to protect coasts from erosion and landslides:
5 The entire list of these recommendations can be found in specific websites; see, for example,
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/iczm/background.htm