6.1 Integrated Water Management for Quality and Quantity
129
sediment. In response to salinity intrusion into groundwater aquifers, management controls can
be implemented to regulate pumping and withdrawal practices.
Requiring private insurance coverage in vulnerable areas is an important method to compensate injuries and damages caused by natural disasters. It forces people to consider whether
risks are worth taking and provides the necessary funds to repair damages and compensate
victims. (IPCC, 1990b, p. 7)
Protection
involves defensive measures and other activities to protect areas against inundation, tidal flooding, effects of waves on infrastructure, shore erosion, salinity intrusion and the loss of natural
resources. The measures may be drawn from an array of hard and soft structural solutions. they
can be applied alone or in combination, depending on the specific conditions of the site.
There is no single or generic best solution, as each situation must be evaluated and treated
on its particular merits. However, there are some basic steps in the selection of measures likely
to produce the highest economic returns. First, those charged with planning, design or management responsibilities in the coastal zones should be cognizant of the potential for future sea
level rise. Moreover, proposed plans should leave options open for the most appropriate future
response. For example, many protection structures can be planned and designed with features
that allow for future incremental additions which, if needed, could accommodate increased water levels and wave action. This can often be done without significant additional costs in the
initial investment. (IPCC, 1990b, p. 7)
Addressing (Flood) Risk Management
In Sect. 5.1.2 the development of coastal protection in the southern North Sea has been described for The Netherlands and Germany. Figure 5.4 outlines the development intersected
and forced to make progress by disastrous events such as storm surges or river floods. The
intention of this section is the transition from the safety approach in coastal protection to
the flood risk management approach. Although the safety approach inherently contains
uncertainties, for example, for the calculation of parameters to determine the crest height
of a main dike (see 5.2), it does not fully comprise the flood risk management approach.
Within the European FRMD (p. 139) the intention of flood risk management is defined
as “a framework for the assessment and management of flood risks, aiming at the reduction of adverse consequences for human health, the environment, cultural heritage and
economic activity” (Article 1). Thus, the Directive and the term flood risk is intended to
be valid for rivers, river basins and coastal waters.
Beforehand, some aspects concerning risk will be explained: here, the delineation is
linked to storm surges.
Risk, Uncertainty and Vulnerability
The European Flood Risk Management project (FloodSite
2 ) collated in its first phase
information about the language of risk in different partner countries (see Gouldby and
Samuels, 2005).This collation serves as basis for the explanation of terms concerning risk:
2 www.floodsite.net, access: Apr. 2017
129
sediment. In response to salinity intrusion into groundwater aquifers, management controls can
be implemented to regulate pumping and withdrawal practices.
Requiring private insurance coverage in vulnerable areas is an important method to compensate injuries and damages caused by natural disasters. It forces people to consider whether
risks are worth taking and provides the necessary funds to repair damages and compensate
victims. (IPCC, 1990b, p. 7)
Protection
involves defensive measures and other activities to protect areas against inundation, tidal flooding, effects of waves on infrastructure, shore erosion, salinity intrusion and the loss of natural
resources. The measures may be drawn from an array of hard and soft structural solutions. they
can be applied alone or in combination, depending on the specific conditions of the site.
There is no single or generic best solution, as each situation must be evaluated and treated
on its particular merits. However, there are some basic steps in the selection of measures likely
to produce the highest economic returns. First, those charged with planning, design or management responsibilities in the coastal zones should be cognizant of the potential for future sea
level rise. Moreover, proposed plans should leave options open for the most appropriate future
response. For example, many protection structures can be planned and designed with features
that allow for future incremental additions which, if needed, could accommodate increased water levels and wave action. This can often be done without significant additional costs in the
initial investment. (IPCC, 1990b, p. 7)
Addressing (Flood) Risk Management
In Sect. 5.1.2 the development of coastal protection in the southern North Sea has been described for The Netherlands and Germany. Figure 5.4 outlines the development intersected
and forced to make progress by disastrous events such as storm surges or river floods. The
intention of this section is the transition from the safety approach in coastal protection to
the flood risk management approach. Although the safety approach inherently contains
uncertainties, for example, for the calculation of parameters to determine the crest height
of a main dike (see 5.2), it does not fully comprise the flood risk management approach.
Within the European FRMD (p. 139) the intention of flood risk management is defined
as “a framework for the assessment and management of flood risks, aiming at the reduction of adverse consequences for human health, the environment, cultural heritage and
economic activity” (Article 1). Thus, the Directive and the term flood risk is intended to
be valid for rivers, river basins and coastal waters.
Beforehand, some aspects concerning risk will be explained: here, the delineation is
linked to storm surges.
Risk, Uncertainty and Vulnerability
The European Flood Risk Management project (FloodSite
2 ) collated in its first phase
information about the language of risk in different partner countries (see Gouldby and
Samuels, 2005).This collation serves as basis for the explanation of terms concerning risk:
2 www.floodsite.net, access: Apr. 2017