470
nested climate model 186
nested predictions 189
non-conservative tracers 252
Non-Gaussian model 85
non-linear 92, 105, 135, 145, 150, 182,
205,222,261,275,277,290,
313,323,347
nonlinear viscosity 66, 361
North Atlantic 149, 154, 158,215,236
North Atlantic interdecadal
variability 160, 164
North Atlantic Oscillation 3, 149,277
North West European Shelf Seas 243
nowcasting 1,199,202,201,258
nu1lspace 284,305
numerical weather forecast 2,73,96, 131,
144,179,257,274,283,288
o
observation operator 282, 290
observational error 81,85, 122,283
observational error covariance 283
ocean
- color 20, 351
- spectra 159
- wave observations 267
observing system 2,10,19,39,52,75,
340,349
OCCAM, Ocean Circu1ation and Climate
Advanced Model 122, 124
OGCM, Ocean General Circulation
Models 112,123,277
oiI spills 206, 235
one-dimensional models 234,382,411
one-way nesting 189
OOPS, Ocean Observing and Prediction
System 199,206
operationaloceanography 1,19,43,116,
129,201,231,256,257
OptimalInterpolation 32,83,89, 112,217,
282,304,367
orbit error 32
OSSE, Observational System Simulation
Experiments 220,341
overtuming index 166
p
Pacific North America pattern 158
patchiness 382,412,420
persistence 127,170,319,326
perturbations 114, 133
plankton 378,382
Poriver 343
population dynamics 377,393
posterior distribution 76
potential predictability 142, 144,374
power spectrum 74
precipitation 194
predator-prey 408, 409
predictability 131,155,170,204,209,
222,307,314,347
- experiments 172
-limits 144,210,358
predicted estimate 10 1
prediction of error statistics 102
predictive phase 209
predictor step 191
pressure gradient error 55,68
primary productivity 342
primitive equations 137,203, 379, 423
POL, Proudman Oceanographic
Laboratory 243
POEM, Physical Oceanography ofthe
Eastern Mediterranean 211, 217
POM, Princeton Ocean Model 55, 359
POP, Principal Oscillation Pattern 162,
313,337
Principal Interaction Pattern 337
prior distribution 76
probabilistic information 141
Q
quality control 49,51,73,84,89,92,94,
96
R
radiative heat penetration 361
random variables 103
REA, Rapid Environmental
Assessment 199,202,206
red background spectrum 158
reduced state space 100, 284
Reduced-Order Optimal Interpolation 281,
285
regional forecast system 208
regionallong-range prediction 193
representativeness error 80
representers 288
reproducibility 143,404
residual circulation 261
resonant interaction 158
rigid lid 183,325,358,362
river runoffwater flux 363
RMS errors 122,327,331
Rossby waves 33,34,63, 118, 180,313
nested climate model 186
nested predictions 189
non-conservative tracers 252
Non-Gaussian model 85
non-linear 92, 105, 135, 145, 150, 182,
205,222,261,275,277,290,
313,323,347
nonlinear viscosity 66, 361
North Atlantic 149, 154, 158,215,236
North Atlantic interdecadal
variability 160, 164
North Atlantic Oscillation 3, 149,277
North West European Shelf Seas 243
nowcasting 1,199,202,201,258
nu1lspace 284,305
numerical weather forecast 2,73,96, 131,
144,179,257,274,283,288
o
observation operator 282, 290
observational error 81,85, 122,283
observational error covariance 283
ocean
- color 20, 351
- spectra 159
- wave observations 267
observing system 2,10,19,39,52,75,
340,349
OCCAM, Ocean Circu1ation and Climate
Advanced Model 122, 124
OGCM, Ocean General Circulation
Models 112,123,277
oiI spills 206, 235
one-dimensional models 234,382,411
one-way nesting 189
OOPS, Ocean Observing and Prediction
System 199,206
operationaloceanography 1,19,43,116,
129,201,231,256,257
OptimalInterpolation 32,83,89, 112,217,
282,304,367
orbit error 32
OSSE, Observational System Simulation
Experiments 220,341
overtuming index 166
p
Pacific North America pattern 158
patchiness 382,412,420
persistence 127,170,319,326
perturbations 114, 133
plankton 378,382
Poriver 343
population dynamics 377,393
posterior distribution 76
potential predictability 142, 144,374
power spectrum 74
precipitation 194
predator-prey 408, 409
predictability 131,155,170,204,209,
222,307,314,347
- experiments 172
-limits 144,210,358
predicted estimate 10 1
prediction of error statistics 102
predictive phase 209
predictor step 191
pressure gradient error 55,68
primary productivity 342
primitive equations 137,203, 379, 423
POL, Proudman Oceanographic
Laboratory 243
POEM, Physical Oceanography ofthe
Eastern Mediterranean 211, 217
POM, Princeton Ocean Model 55, 359
POP, Principal Oscillation Pattern 162,
313,337
Principal Interaction Pattern 337
prior distribution 76
probabilistic information 141
Q
quality control 49,51,73,84,89,92,94,
96
R
radiative heat penetration 361
random variables 103
REA, Rapid Environmental
Assessment 199,202,206
red background spectrum 158
reduced state space 100, 284
Reduced-Order Optimal Interpolation 281,
285
regional forecast system 208
regionallong-range prediction 193
representativeness error 80
representers 288
reproducibility 143,404
residual circulation 261
resonant interaction 158
rigid lid 183,325,358,362
river runoffwater flux 363
RMS errors 122,327,331
Rossby waves 33,34,63, 118, 180,313