Greenland Sea 149
gross Observational Errors 85
growing modes 138
GTS, Global Teleconnection System 47,
353
Gulf of Cadiz 215
H
heatfluxes 22,30,34,290,307,322
hindcasting 19,258
HIROMB, High Resolution Operational
Model for the Baltic Sea 236
HOPS, Harvard Ocean Prediction
System 216
HRF, High Frequency Radar 248
horizontal diffusivity 60, 63
horizontal viscosity 60, 63
hurricane prediction 189
hybrid coupled models 320
hydrodynamic equations 206, 358, 365
hydrodynamic modeling 11, 32, 247, 358
HYPAS 237
ice 20, 232, 349
Indian monsoon forecasts 194
individual-based modelling 385, 396,427
initialization methods 190,308,323,371
instability 112, 133, 135, 183,268,297
instrumental error 80
inter ensemble separation (Spread) 143
interdecadal variability 149,150,156,164,
166,170
intermediate models 320
internal dynamical processes 203
internal waves 7
inverse barometer effect 31
Ionian Sea 212
Iti) stochastic differential equation 102
J
Jacobi matrix 99
K
Kalman filter 97, 103, 106,284
Kalman gain matrix 99
L
Labrador Sea 149
large-scale equations 359
lateral boundary conditions 194,364
lateral mesh ne sting 189
LE, Lagrangian Ensemble method 378,
469
386,403,411,423
levels 55,122,124,181,191,231,247,
260,291,343
light limitation 343
likelihood function 76,82
long-range predictions 193
Lorenz 108,132,144,347
Lorenz equations 98, 108
Lorenz system 133
M
marine environmental predictions 339
marine infonnation system 37,52
marine user community 6
Markov process 102
mathematical simulation 377
measurement error covariance matrix 99
Mediterranean Forecasting System 11,46,
301,340
Mediterranean Sea 34,39,46,179,193,
210,289,340
medium range forecasts 145
Mellor-Yamada scheme 249,360
MERCATOR 11,301
meridional overtuming 161
mesh nesting 187
mesoscale 3,22,31,34,46,179,203,212,
215,297,343,349
mesoscale weather forecasts 179
metal distributions 251
MICOM, Miami Isopycnic Coordinate
Ocean Model 112
microbial food web 343
military operations 202
misfit of observations 75
mixed layer temperature 113
mixing parameterizations 358
model nesting 207,351
modeling system 349, 358
MOM, Modular Ocean Model 183,290,
370
monitoring 6,20,37,39,42,96,233,247,
339,351,374
Monte-Carlo methods 97,103,147
monthly forecasts 145, 193
mucilage 357
M3A, Multidisciplinary Mediterranean
Moored Array 355
N
naval applications 204
NCEP, National Centre for Environmental
Prediction 189,322,327
gross Observational Errors 85
growing modes 138
GTS, Global Teleconnection System 47,
353
Gulf of Cadiz 215
H
heatfluxes 22,30,34,290,307,322
hindcasting 19,258
HIROMB, High Resolution Operational
Model for the Baltic Sea 236
HOPS, Harvard Ocean Prediction
System 216
HRF, High Frequency Radar 248
horizontal diffusivity 60, 63
horizontal viscosity 60, 63
hurricane prediction 189
hybrid coupled models 320
hydrodynamic equations 206, 358, 365
hydrodynamic modeling 11, 32, 247, 358
HYPAS 237
ice 20, 232, 349
Indian monsoon forecasts 194
individual-based modelling 385, 396,427
initialization methods 190,308,323,371
instability 112, 133, 135, 183,268,297
instrumental error 80
inter ensemble separation (Spread) 143
interdecadal variability 149,150,156,164,
166,170
intermediate models 320
internal dynamical processes 203
internal waves 7
inverse barometer effect 31
Ionian Sea 212
Iti) stochastic differential equation 102
J
Jacobi matrix 99
K
Kalman filter 97, 103, 106,284
Kalman gain matrix 99
L
Labrador Sea 149
large-scale equations 359
lateral boundary conditions 194,364
lateral mesh ne sting 189
LE, Lagrangian Ensemble method 378,
469
386,403,411,423
levels 55,122,124,181,191,231,247,
260,291,343
light limitation 343
likelihood function 76,82
long-range predictions 193
Lorenz 108,132,144,347
Lorenz equations 98, 108
Lorenz system 133
M
marine environmental predictions 339
marine infonnation system 37,52
marine user community 6
Markov process 102
mathematical simulation 377
measurement error covariance matrix 99
Mediterranean Forecasting System 11,46,
301,340
Mediterranean Sea 34,39,46,179,193,
210,289,340
medium range forecasts 145
Mellor-Yamada scheme 249,360
MERCATOR 11,301
meridional overtuming 161
mesh nesting 187
mesoscale 3,22,31,34,46,179,203,212,
215,297,343,349
mesoscale weather forecasts 179
metal distributions 251
MICOM, Miami Isopycnic Coordinate
Ocean Model 112
microbial food web 343
military operations 202
misfit of observations 75
mixed layer temperature 113
mixing parameterizations 358
model nesting 207,351
modeling system 349, 358
MOM, Modular Ocean Model 183,290,
370
monitoring 6,20,37,39,42,96,233,247,
339,351,374
Monte-Carlo methods 97,103,147
monthly forecasts 145, 193
mucilage 357
M3A, Multidisciplinary Mediterranean
Moored Array 355
N
naval applications 204
NCEP, National Centre for Environmental
Prediction 189,322,327