468
D
data acquisition 43, 207
data collection procedures 49
data fusion 205, 225
data management 41,50,208,223
data quality control 50
decadal variability 160
delayed action oscillator 307
delocalized method 187
demographic noise 405, 409
demography 396,414,423
deterministic forecast 141
deterministic processes 206
diatoms 373
dispersion 102, 260, 264, 270, 273
dynamic topography 27,28,29,31
dynamical phase 209
E
ECMWF, European Centre for Medium
WeatherForecast 10,89,124,
145,193,277,290,334
economic benefits 7
economical impacts 316
ecosystem 38,132,204,318,339,366,
379,389,393,404,410,417,423
ecosystem model 5,22,352,358,366,372,
377,408,421
ecosystem monitoring 351
eigenvalue 138, 336
El Nifio 34,313,329
El Nifio/Southem Oscillation 3, 153,307,
335
ensemble 108, 131, 139, 144, 147, 172,
329,333
- covariance matrices 10 1, 105
- forecasts 193
- integrations 97,301
- Kalman filter 97,100,103,105,112
ENSO 305,170,314
environmental predictions 131,147,205,
339,341,347,369,373
EOF, Empirical Orthogonal Functions 217,
281,284
equations for the atmosphere and the
ocean 180
ergodic hypothesis 405
error of representativeness 74
error statistics 98, 10 1
ERS-1I2 4,19,25,33,267,295
ERSEM, European Regional Seas
Ecosystem Model 366
ESSE, Error Subspace Statistic al
Estimation 217
eta-coordinate 186
eta-model 191
EuroGOOS, European GOOS 1,9, 14,39,
243
European En vironmental Action
Programme 51
eutrophication 357
evolution 381
expected error 217
extended Kalman filter 83,97,98, 100,
282,304
F
FFT, fast F ourier transform 182
filter equations 286
finite difference 55,60, 187,358
fmite volumes 60
fisheries 4,205,353
flagellates 373
flux coupler 187
FOAM, Forecast Ocean Atmospheric
Model 11
Fokker-Planck equation 97,102
food web interactions 343
forecast 1, 11, 19,37,43, 73, 97, 99, 123,
127,131,141,144,172,179,
189,193,194,199,202,208,
220,231,237,245,258,267,
277,282,290,304,318,320,
323,329,332,339,347,358,369
forecast skill 193,209,277,319,322,332,
341
four dimensional variational
assimilation 117
G
Gauss 75
Gaussian 77,82,102,183
GCM, Global Circulation Model 176, 180
GCOS, Global Climate Observing
System 8,14
generalized sigma 61, 71
geostrophic contribution 289
GLOBEC,Global ocean Ecosystems
dynamics 5
GLOSS, Global Sea Level Observing
System 11
GODAE, Global Data Assimilation
Experiment 22,35
GOOS, Global Ocean Observing
System 1,4
gravity waves 179,268,360,371
D
data acquisition 43, 207
data collection procedures 49
data fusion 205, 225
data management 41,50,208,223
data quality control 50
decadal variability 160
delayed action oscillator 307
delocalized method 187
demographic noise 405, 409
demography 396,414,423
deterministic forecast 141
deterministic processes 206
diatoms 373
dispersion 102, 260, 264, 270, 273
dynamic topography 27,28,29,31
dynamical phase 209
E
ECMWF, European Centre for Medium
WeatherForecast 10,89,124,
145,193,277,290,334
economic benefits 7
economical impacts 316
ecosystem 38,132,204,318,339,366,
379,389,393,404,410,417,423
ecosystem model 5,22,352,358,366,372,
377,408,421
ecosystem monitoring 351
eigenvalue 138, 336
El Nifio 34,313,329
El Nifio/Southem Oscillation 3, 153,307,
335
ensemble 108, 131, 139, 144, 147, 172,
329,333
- covariance matrices 10 1, 105
- forecasts 193
- integrations 97,301
- Kalman filter 97,100,103,105,112
ENSO 305,170,314
environmental predictions 131,147,205,
339,341,347,369,373
EOF, Empirical Orthogonal Functions 217,
281,284
equations for the atmosphere and the
ocean 180
ergodic hypothesis 405
error of representativeness 74
error statistics 98, 10 1
ERS-1I2 4,19,25,33,267,295
ERSEM, European Regional Seas
Ecosystem Model 366
ESSE, Error Subspace Statistic al
Estimation 217
eta-coordinate 186
eta-model 191
EuroGOOS, European GOOS 1,9, 14,39,
243
European En vironmental Action
Programme 51
eutrophication 357
evolution 381
expected error 217
extended Kalman filter 83,97,98, 100,
282,304
F
FFT, fast F ourier transform 182
filter equations 286
finite difference 55,60, 187,358
fmite volumes 60
fisheries 4,205,353
flagellates 373
flux coupler 187
FOAM, Forecast Ocean Atmospheric
Model 11
Fokker-Planck equation 97,102
food web interactions 343
forecast 1, 11, 19,37,43, 73, 97, 99, 123,
127,131,141,144,172,179,
189,193,194,199,202,208,
220,231,237,245,258,267,
277,282,290,304,318,320,
323,329,332,339,347,358,369
forecast skill 193,209,277,319,322,332,
341
four dimensional variational
assimilation 117
G
Gauss 75
Gaussian 77,82,102,183
GCM, Global Circulation Model 176, 180
GCOS, Global Climate Observing
System 8,14
generalized sigma 61, 71
geostrophic contribution 289
GLOBEC,Global ocean Ecosystems
dynamics 5
GLOSS, Global Sea Level Observing
System 11
GODAE, Global Data Assimilation
Experiment 22,35
GOOS, Global Ocean Observing
System 1,4
gravity waves 179,268,360,371