s
s - grid system 55
sampling scheme 203
SAR, Synthetic Aperture Radar 21, 208,
267
Sargasso Sea 149
satellite altimetry 25, 117,248,289,358
satellite oceanography 19, 20, 21
scale of atmospheric disturbances 179
scatterometers 21
seaice 10,20,231,234,323
sea ice forecasting 234
sea level 4,20,27,29,33,119,125,149,
182,231,247,262,324,333,361
sea surf ace topography 5,25,31,355
seasonal forecasts 145,179
SEEK filter 2824
self-adjoint operators 137,139
semi-Lagrangian method 183
sequential assimilation techniques 75,97,
117,118
shelf seas 6, 11,243,247,255,287
Ship ofOpportunity 44,46,350
sigma coordinate 55,61, 186,371
significant wave height 21, 26, 237, 269
SIMPLEX algorithm 92
Singular Value Decomposition 138, 334
skill measure 332
SLA, Sea Level Anomaly 31, 127,355
SOFA, System for Ocean Forecasting and
Analysis 289,370
software sensing 380
spectral evolution 270
spherical harmonic expansion 182
SPM, Suspended Particulate Matter 254
spongelayer 181,364
SSH, Sea Surface Height 112, 122,324,
349
SST, Sea Surface Temperature 7,20,50,
114,125,141,150,155,176,
220,234,308,320,333,349,362
stability 4068
statistical ENSO prediction 3 I 9
Statistical Interpolation 83
steric
- effects 34
- height 30,291
stochastic
- climate model 150,155
- processes 206
- systems 132
Strait of Sicily 212
streamfunction formulation 184
Successive Correction Method 83
surface
- boundary conditions 183
- elevation 63,259,326,371
- pressure formulation 185,287
- waves 202,232,259,267
- wind speed 20
471
surges 10,42,202,236,245,247,259,358
synoptical dynamical event 203
T
tangent linear operator 99
tidal signal 32
tides 31,201,215,236,247,259
TOGNTAO 6,19,44,328,350,353
tolerance 90
TOPEXIPOSEIDON 19,295,355
trajectory 118,281,313,378
transform method 182
transient growth 137
transport streamfunction 63, 290
TRIX, Trophic Index 357
Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere 2, 38
turbulence 203,247,278,351,360,403,
411
turbulence closure scheme 61
twin experiments 98, 117, 122,282,291
two-way ne sting 189
U
unstable normal mode 136
upper air predictions 13 1
user requirements 231, 244
users 13,41,208,227,231,339
V
Variational Analysis 83, 92
verticalexchange 247,263
vertical grids 56, 61
VPE, Virtual Plankton Ecosystems 378,
389,404,411,425
W
WAM, WAve Model 267,273
watermasses 49,113,117,207,211,360
water redistribution assimilation
scheme 119
wave 10, 133, 163, 187,201,203,215,
247,255,267,279,345
- forecasting 277
- growth 268
- model 237,248
- spectrum 5,270
s - grid system 55
sampling scheme 203
SAR, Synthetic Aperture Radar 21, 208,
267
Sargasso Sea 149
satellite altimetry 25, 117,248,289,358
satellite oceanography 19, 20, 21
scale of atmospheric disturbances 179
scatterometers 21
seaice 10,20,231,234,323
sea ice forecasting 234
sea level 4,20,27,29,33,119,125,149,
182,231,247,262,324,333,361
sea surf ace topography 5,25,31,355
seasonal forecasts 145,179
SEEK filter 2824
self-adjoint operators 137,139
semi-Lagrangian method 183
sequential assimilation techniques 75,97,
117,118
shelf seas 6, 11,243,247,255,287
Ship ofOpportunity 44,46,350
sigma coordinate 55,61, 186,371
significant wave height 21, 26, 237, 269
SIMPLEX algorithm 92
Singular Value Decomposition 138, 334
skill measure 332
SLA, Sea Level Anomaly 31, 127,355
SOFA, System for Ocean Forecasting and
Analysis 289,370
software sensing 380
spectral evolution 270
spherical harmonic expansion 182
SPM, Suspended Particulate Matter 254
spongelayer 181,364
SSH, Sea Surface Height 112, 122,324,
349
SST, Sea Surface Temperature 7,20,50,
114,125,141,150,155,176,
220,234,308,320,333,349,362
stability 4068
statistical ENSO prediction 3 I 9
Statistical Interpolation 83
steric
- effects 34
- height 30,291
stochastic
- climate model 150,155
- processes 206
- systems 132
Strait of Sicily 212
streamfunction formulation 184
Successive Correction Method 83
surface
- boundary conditions 183
- elevation 63,259,326,371
- pressure formulation 185,287
- waves 202,232,259,267
- wind speed 20
471
surges 10,42,202,236,245,247,259,358
synoptical dynamical event 203
T
tangent linear operator 99
tidal signal 32
tides 31,201,215,236,247,259
TOGNTAO 6,19,44,328,350,353
tolerance 90
TOPEXIPOSEIDON 19,295,355
trajectory 118,281,313,378
transform method 182
transient growth 137
transport streamfunction 63, 290
TRIX, Trophic Index 357
Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere 2, 38
turbulence 203,247,278,351,360,403,
411
turbulence closure scheme 61
twin experiments 98, 117, 122,282,291
two-way ne sting 189
U
unstable normal mode 136
upper air predictions 13 1
user requirements 231, 244
users 13,41,208,227,231,339
V
Variational Analysis 83, 92
verticalexchange 247,263
vertical grids 56, 61
VPE, Virtual Plankton Ecosystems 378,
389,404,411,425
W
WAM, WAve Model 267,273
watermasses 49,113,117,207,211,360
water redistribution assimilation
scheme 119
wave 10, 133, 163, 187,201,203,215,
247,255,267,279,345
- forecasting 277
- growth 268
- model 237,248
- spectrum 5,270