242
Index
Equatorial Undercurrent, 3, 79, 80, 82, 83, 110,
111
discovery of, 156
generation simulations of, 158
thermocline model of, 149
Equatorial waves, 103–4, 107–8, 110
ERS-1 satellite, 193
Esbenson, Steve, 69
Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the
Ocean (ECCO) Consortium, 133
Ewing, J., 120, 121, 122, 125
Expendable bathythermographs (XBTs), 51, 54,
85–86, 88, 133, 199
Fairall, Chris, 69
Fandry, Chris, 51
Fanning Island, 105, 112
Farmer, David, 133
FGGE. See First GARP Global Experiment
FGGE/INDEX/NORPAX Equatorial (FINE)
Workshop, 80, 110–11
Fieux, Michelle, 108
Findlater, J., 110
Findlay, A. G., 3
Fine, Rana, 112
FINE Workshop. See FGGE/INDEX/NORPAX
Equatorial Workshop
Firing, Eric, 105
First GARP Global Experiment (FGGE), 109,
110, 113, 183–84, 190
Fischer, Gunter, 32
Flatt´ e, R., 123
Fleming, J. A., 174
Fleming, R. H., 140
Fleming, Rex, 113
Fletcher, Joe, 162
Floats, 46–48, 50
autonomous subsurface, 56, 57–59,
63
Hippocampus, 58–59, 62
MARVOR, 62
PROVOR, 62
RAFOS, 59, 60f, 62, 185
SOFAR, 19, 21, 25, 50–62, 106, 123, 169, 185
Florida Current, 7, 104, 168
FOCAL. See Programme Fran¸ cais Oc´ ean et
Climat dans l’Atlantique Equatorial
Fofonoff, Nick, 19, 48, 106
Forbes, Andrew M. G., 128, 130
Fram expedition, 4
Franklin (R/V), 69
Fredkin, Ed, 103
Frost, Jack, 111
Fuglister, Fritz C., 5, 11
Fung, Inez, 107
Galapagos Islands, 82, 158
Gandin, L. S., 24, 51
GARP. See Global Atmospheric Research Program
GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE),
107, 108, 159
Garrett, C., 123
GATE. See GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment
Gauss, Karl, 24
Gauss-Markov estimation theory, 126
General Circulation Models (GCMs), 158
Gent, Peter R., 40, 115
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL),
34, 37, 39, 40, 41, 109, 156
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (GFD) program,
16–17, 102, 103, 109, 113, 148,
150–51
Geopotential anomaly, 172–74
GEOSAT, 90
GEOSECS, 106, 166, 213, 217, 226
Geostrophy, 6–9, 10
German Hydrographic Institute, 206
Gill, Adrian, 34–35, 80, 105, 116, 157
Glantz, M., 225
Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP),
109, 183, 184, 218
Global ocean observations, 45–64
Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS),
95
Global warming, 134. See also Greenhouse
warming
Global Weather Experiment. See First GARP
Global Experiment
Gonella, Jose, 83
Goody, Richard, 103
GOOS. See Global Ocean Observing System
Gordon, Arnold L., 173, 209, 221
Gore, Al, 132
Gould, John, 63
Gould, W. J., 46
GRACE, 199
Greenhouse warming, 38, 73–77
economic effects of, 73–75
surface heat flux validation of, 75–77
Greenland Sea Project, 126
Gulf Stream, 2, 6, 46, 105, 108, 145, 157, 167,
168, 169, 173, 175, 186
Index
Equatorial Undercurrent, 3, 79, 80, 82, 83, 110,
111
discovery of, 156
generation simulations of, 158
thermocline model of, 149
Equatorial waves, 103–4, 107–8, 110
ERS-1 satellite, 193
Esbenson, Steve, 69
Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the
Ocean (ECCO) Consortium, 133
Ewing, J., 120, 121, 122, 125
Expendable bathythermographs (XBTs), 51, 54,
85–86, 88, 133, 199
Fairall, Chris, 69
Fandry, Chris, 51
Fanning Island, 105, 112
Farmer, David, 133
FGGE. See First GARP Global Experiment
FGGE/INDEX/NORPAX Equatorial (FINE)
Workshop, 80, 110–11
Fieux, Michelle, 108
Findlater, J., 110
Findlay, A. G., 3
Fine, Rana, 112
FINE Workshop. See FGGE/INDEX/NORPAX
Equatorial Workshop
Firing, Eric, 105
First GARP Global Experiment (FGGE), 109,
110, 113, 183–84, 190
Fischer, Gunter, 32
Flatt´ e, R., 123
Fleming, J. A., 174
Fleming, R. H., 140
Fleming, Rex, 113
Fletcher, Joe, 162
Floats, 46–48, 50
autonomous subsurface, 56, 57–59,
63
Hippocampus, 58–59, 62
MARVOR, 62
PROVOR, 62
RAFOS, 59, 60f, 62, 185
SOFAR, 19, 21, 25, 50–62, 106, 123, 169, 185
Florida Current, 7, 104, 168
FOCAL. See Programme Fran¸ cais Oc´ ean et
Climat dans l’Atlantique Equatorial
Fofonoff, Nick, 19, 48, 106
Forbes, Andrew M. G., 128, 130
Fram expedition, 4
Franklin (R/V), 69
Fredkin, Ed, 103
Frost, Jack, 111
Fuglister, Fritz C., 5, 11
Fung, Inez, 107
Galapagos Islands, 82, 158
Gandin, L. S., 24, 51
GARP. See Global Atmospheric Research Program
GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE),
107, 108, 159
Garrett, C., 123
GATE. See GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment
Gauss, Karl, 24
Gauss-Markov estimation theory, 126
General Circulation Models (GCMs), 158
Gent, Peter R., 40, 115
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL),
34, 37, 39, 40, 41, 109, 156
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (GFD) program,
16–17, 102, 103, 109, 113, 148,
150–51
Geopotential anomaly, 172–74
GEOSAT, 90
GEOSECS, 106, 166, 213, 217, 226
Geostrophy, 6–9, 10
German Hydrographic Institute, 206
Gill, Adrian, 34–35, 80, 105, 116, 157
Glantz, M., 225
Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP),
109, 183, 184, 218
Global ocean observations, 45–64
Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS),
95
Global warming, 134. See also Greenhouse
warming
Global Weather Experiment. See First GARP
Global Experiment
Gonella, Jose, 83
Goody, Richard, 103
GOOS. See Global Ocean Observing System
Gordon, Arnold L., 173, 209, 221
Gore, Al, 132
Gould, John, 63
Gould, W. J., 46
GRACE, 199
Greenhouse warming, 38, 73–77
economic effects of, 73–75
surface heat flux validation of, 75–77
Greenland Sea Project, 126
Gulf Stream, 2, 6, 46, 105, 108, 145, 157, 167,
168, 169, 173, 175, 186