obliquity 604, 606-607, 609, 639, 645, 652
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) 4,5
ocean heat transport 694-696
ocean interior 394-396
ocean margin 394-396
ocean tracer 701-703, 709-710
oligotrophic ocean 317,320,332,336-337
Oolithotusfragilis 125, 126
orbital forcing 601-629
orbital tuning 576, 602-616, 639
Orbulina bilobata 176-177
Orbulina universa 38, 176-177,489,492-493,498,516
organic carbon 23-25
accumulation raters) 24, 63
flux 26, 204, 320
marine (MaC), in sediments 25-26
preservation 320-323
terrigenous (TOC), in sediments 25-26, 462
organic matter
CIN ratios of, 25, 68, 551, 560
marine 551-552, 555, 565-567
maturity of, (Tmn) 549, 553-554, 560
remineralization 448, 455
reworked, fossil 547, 550-551, 554, 560
submicroscopic 555-556
terrestrial 547-574
organic petrology 555-557
Orthopithonella granifera 146, 156, 158, 159
oxygen isotope(s), stable (8"0) 10-14, 70, 74, 207-228,
519-520,576,601,606-607,610-613,620-621,628,636,
638,639,709-710
disequilibrium 169, 171-172
effect of precipitation 655, 656
in benthic foraminifera, see b.f.
in deep-sea corals 13
in planktic foraminifera, see pJ.
in pteropods, see pteropods
of biogenic opal 56
of ocean water 110, 111,207,655-658,662
global ice volume effect 6, II, 171
relationship to salinity 19,207,210-211,
657,658,663,664
stratigraphy 413, 586
Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) 346
oxygen penetration depth 322, 328, 334
Pacific Ocean
radionuclides 397-399
Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project 691, 710
paleoclimate, of Africa 550, 558, 565-568
paleoenvironment 145-164,715
paleomagnetic analysis 639-643
paleoproductivity 130-132, 145,246-250,469,481,717
paleoproductivity equations 328-330, 331-332
paleoproductivity proxies 23-29, 64-65, 315-344, 393, 404
barite, biogenic Ba 25-28, 350-351
biogenic opal 25-28
carbonate 25-28, 315-344
microfossil assemblage(s) 28,117-144
organic carbon 23-26, 315-344
paleosalinity, see also sea surface salinity 207-228, 717
paleotemperature, see also SST 69-88, 207-228, 717
paleotemperature equation(s) 5, 7,171,208
palynology 523-524, 555, 564, 567-568
palynomorphs 523
Subject Index
733
PANGAEA 715-727
PanMap 721, 723
PanPlot 722, 724
paramagnetic 577, 581-584, 602
particle composition 402, 404
particle flux 3, 397, 401, 409, 413, 453
of biogenic barium 346
of biogenic opal (silica) 368, 372, 375, 376,377
of carbonate 25-26
of diatoms 365-392
oflithogenic components 38
of organic carbon 25-28, 204, 345, 346-348
of silicoflagellates 371
of radiolarians 371
Pentadinellum oblatum 146
Pentapharsodinium tyrrhenieum 146, 155
'Peterson's level' 257
pH, ocean water 2, 37-38, 498, 502, 515
proxies for (boron isotopes), 58
phosphate, dissolved (ocean water), see nutrients
photosynthesis 470, 474
phytoliths 39, 67, 378-380, 387, 565-566
phytoplankton 366, 370, 470
Pinus, pine 526, 527, 529
planktic foraminifera 6-10, 69-90, 91-115, 207-228, 430-442
abundance distributions, 70, 76-77, 86
as hydrographic tracers 100-105
calcification depth 91, 92,107-110,112,181-184
carbon isotope(s), stable (8 ll C) 29-30, 62, 64,
194-195,200-203,427-445,489-512
'vital effects', isotopic disequilibrium
430-434,514
effect of dissolution, 434-436
fractionation 500, 502
habitat effects 434
depth distribution, 91, 96-99,100,101
dissolution, 4, 8,10,260,261-262
faunal assemblages 77, 85-87
fragmentation, 259, 269, 271
in surface sediments 723
living species 91
oxygen isotope(s), stable W'O) 5,12,61,91,
109-111,165-189,194-195,207-212,219,489-512
fractionation 500, 502
'vital effects', isotopic disequilibrium 112
regional distribution of, 102, 103, 106-108
relative abundances of, 207-208, 211, 212-216, 224
species composition 207-208, 211, 212-216, 224
standing stock 93-96, 97, 98, 99
temperature affinities 70, 76-80, 86-87
temperature ranges 70, 76-80
plankton samples
coccolithophores 121-123, 124
dinoflagellate cysts, calcareous 145
planktic foraminifera 92
plankton tow(s) 91, 92, 94, 95, 431, 432, 433
Poaceae, grasses 531,532,533
Podoearpus 538-540
Polar Front 437,438
Polar Front Zone (PFZ) 167-168
pollen 67, 523-546
source areas 528, 535
transport 706-707
Praeealeigonellum sehizosaeptum 146, 156
precession 607, 609, 611-613, 616-626, 639, 645, 652
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) 4,5
ocean heat transport 694-696
ocean interior 394-396
ocean margin 394-396
ocean tracer 701-703, 709-710
oligotrophic ocean 317,320,332,336-337
Oolithotusfragilis 125, 126
orbital forcing 601-629
orbital tuning 576, 602-616, 639
Orbulina bilobata 176-177
Orbulina universa 38, 176-177,489,492-493,498,516
organic carbon 23-25
accumulation raters) 24, 63
flux 26, 204, 320
marine (MaC), in sediments 25-26
preservation 320-323
terrigenous (TOC), in sediments 25-26, 462
organic matter
CIN ratios of, 25, 68, 551, 560
marine 551-552, 555, 565-567
maturity of, (Tmn) 549, 553-554, 560
remineralization 448, 455
reworked, fossil 547, 550-551, 554, 560
submicroscopic 555-556
terrestrial 547-574
organic petrology 555-557
Orthopithonella granifera 146, 156, 158, 159
oxygen isotope(s), stable (8"0) 10-14, 70, 74, 207-228,
519-520,576,601,606-607,610-613,620-621,628,636,
638,639,709-710
disequilibrium 169, 171-172
effect of precipitation 655, 656
in benthic foraminifera, see b.f.
in deep-sea corals 13
in planktic foraminifera, see pJ.
in pteropods, see pteropods
of biogenic opal 56
of ocean water 110, 111,207,655-658,662
global ice volume effect 6, II, 171
relationship to salinity 19,207,210-211,
657,658,663,664
stratigraphy 413, 586
Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) 346
oxygen penetration depth 322, 328, 334
Pacific Ocean
radionuclides 397-399
Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project 691, 710
paleoclimate, of Africa 550, 558, 565-568
paleoenvironment 145-164,715
paleomagnetic analysis 639-643
paleoproductivity 130-132, 145,246-250,469,481,717
paleoproductivity equations 328-330, 331-332
paleoproductivity proxies 23-29, 64-65, 315-344, 393, 404
barite, biogenic Ba 25-28, 350-351
biogenic opal 25-28
carbonate 25-28, 315-344
microfossil assemblage(s) 28,117-144
organic carbon 23-26, 315-344
paleosalinity, see also sea surface salinity 207-228, 717
paleotemperature, see also SST 69-88, 207-228, 717
paleotemperature equation(s) 5, 7,171,208
palynology 523-524, 555, 564, 567-568
palynomorphs 523
Subject Index
733
PANGAEA 715-727
PanMap 721, 723
PanPlot 722, 724
paramagnetic 577, 581-584, 602
particle composition 402, 404
particle flux 3, 397, 401, 409, 413, 453
of biogenic barium 346
of biogenic opal (silica) 368, 372, 375, 376,377
of carbonate 25-26
of diatoms 365-392
oflithogenic components 38
of organic carbon 25-28, 204, 345, 346-348
of silicoflagellates 371
of radiolarians 371
Pentadinellum oblatum 146
Pentapharsodinium tyrrhenieum 146, 155
'Peterson's level' 257
pH, ocean water 2, 37-38, 498, 502, 515
proxies for (boron isotopes), 58
phosphate, dissolved (ocean water), see nutrients
photosynthesis 470, 474
phytoliths 39, 67, 378-380, 387, 565-566
phytoplankton 366, 370, 470
Pinus, pine 526, 527, 529
planktic foraminifera 6-10, 69-90, 91-115, 207-228, 430-442
abundance distributions, 70, 76-77, 86
as hydrographic tracers 100-105
calcification depth 91, 92,107-110,112,181-184
carbon isotope(s), stable (8 ll C) 29-30, 62, 64,
194-195,200-203,427-445,489-512
'vital effects', isotopic disequilibrium
430-434,514
effect of dissolution, 434-436
fractionation 500, 502
habitat effects 434
depth distribution, 91, 96-99,100,101
dissolution, 4, 8,10,260,261-262
faunal assemblages 77, 85-87
fragmentation, 259, 269, 271
in surface sediments 723
living species 91
oxygen isotope(s), stable W'O) 5,12,61,91,
109-111,165-189,194-195,207-212,219,489-512
fractionation 500, 502
'vital effects', isotopic disequilibrium 112
regional distribution of, 102, 103, 106-108
relative abundances of, 207-208, 211, 212-216, 224
species composition 207-208, 211, 212-216, 224
standing stock 93-96, 97, 98, 99
temperature affinities 70, 76-80, 86-87
temperature ranges 70, 76-80
plankton samples
coccolithophores 121-123, 124
dinoflagellate cysts, calcareous 145
planktic foraminifera 92
plankton tow(s) 91, 92, 94, 95, 431, 432, 433
Poaceae, grasses 531,532,533
Podoearpus 538-540
Polar Front 437,438
Polar Front Zone (PFZ) 167-168
pollen 67, 523-546
source areas 528, 535
transport 706-707
Praeealeigonellum sehizosaeptum 146, 156
precession 607, 609, 611-613, 616-626, 639, 645, 652