Simulation of Oxygen Isotopes in a Global Ocean Model
685
Garzoli SL, Gordon AL (1996) Origins and variability of
the Benguela Current. J Geophys Res 101: 897-906
Gat JR (1996) Oxygen and Hydrogen isotopes in the
hydrologic cycle. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 24:
225-262
Gill AE (1982) Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics. International Geophys Series 20, Academic Press, San
Diego
Gent PR, McWilliams JC (1990) Isopycnal mixing in
o,cean circulation models. J Phys Oceanogr 20:
150-155
Gonfiantffii R (1978) Standards for stable isotope measurements in natural compounds. Nature 271: 534-536
Gordon AL, Lutjeharms IRE, GrUndlingh ML (1987)
Stratification and circulation at the Agulhas Retroflection. Deep-Sea Res 34: 565-599
Gould WJ, Loynes J, Backhaus J (1985) Seasonality in
slope current transports northwest of Shetland.
Technical Report 7, ICES, Hydrography Commitee,
pp 1-13
Hoffinann G (1995) Stabile Wasserisotope im allgemeinen
Zirkulationsmodell ECHAM. Dissertation, Univ
Hamburg, pp 1-99
Hoffmann G, Heimann M (1993) Water tracers in the
ECHAM general circulation model. In: International
Atomic Energy Agency (ed) Isotope techniques in
the study of past and current environmental
changes in the hydrosphere and the atmosphere
Jacobs SS, Fairbanks RG, Horibe Y (1985) Origin
and evolution of water masses near the antarctic
continental margin. In: Oceanology of the Antarctic
Continental Shelf, Ant Res Ser 43: 59-85
Joussaume S, Jouzel J (1993) Paleoclimatic tracers: an
investigaton using an Atmospheric General Circulation Model under Ice Age conditions. 2. Water
isotopes. J Geophys Res 98: 2807-2830
Joussaume S, Sadoumy R, JouzelJ (1984) A general circulation model of water isotope cycles in the atmosphere. Nature 311: 24-29
Jouzel J (1986) Isotopes in cloud physics: Multiphase
and multistage condensation processes. In: Fritz P,
Fontes JC (eds) The Terrestrial Environmont, Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry.
Elsevier, New York, 2, pp 61-112
Jouzel J, Russel GL, Suozzo RJ, Koster RD, White JWC,
Broecker WS (1987) Simulations of the HOO and
~180 atmospheric cycles using the NASA GISS
General Circulation Model: the seasonal cycle
for present-day conditions. J Geophys Res 92:
14,739-14,760
Juillet-Leclerc A, Jouzel J, Labeyrie LD, Joussaume S
(1997) Modem and last glacial maximum sea surface
1)"0 derived from an Atmospheric General Circulation Model. Earth Planet Sci Lett 146: 591- 605
Jung SJA (1996) Wassermassenaustausch zwischen
NE-Atlantik und dem Nordmeerw!ihrend der letzten
300000/80000 Jahre im Abbild stabiler 0- und C-Isotope. PhD Thesis, Univ Kiel, pp 1-104
Kalnay E, Kanamitsu M, Kistler R, Collins W, Deaven
D, Gandin L, Iredell M, Saha S, White G, Woolen J,
Zhu Y, Leetma A, Reynolds R, Chelliah M, Ebisuzaki
W, Higgins W, Janowiak J, Mo KC, Ropelewski C,
Wang J, Jenne R, Joseph D (1996) The NCEPINCAR
40-yearreanalysis project. Bull Amer Meteor Soc 77:
437-471
Knauss J (1969) A note on the transport of the Gulf
Stream. Deep-Sea Res 16: 117-124
Labeyrie LD, Duplessy JC, Duprat J, Juillet-Leclerc A,
Moyes J, Michel E, Kallel N, Shackleton NJ (1992)
Changes in the vertical structure of the North
Atlantic ocean between glacial and modem times.
Quat Sci Rev 11:401-413
Landau LD, Lifschitz EM (1987) Fluid Mechanics (2nd
ed). Pergamon, Oxford, pp 1-539
Large WG., Danabasoglu G, Doney SC, McWilliams JC
(1997) Sensitivity to surface forcing and boundary
layer mixing in a global ocean model: Annual-mean
climatology. J Phys Oceanogr 27: 2418-2447
Larsen JC (1992) Transport and heat flux of the Florida
Current at 27° N derived from cross-stream voltages
and profiling data: Theory and observations. Philos
TransRSocLondonA338: 169-236
Lehman SJ, Wright DG, Stocker TF( 1993) Transport of
freshwater into the deep ocean by the conveyor. In:
Peltier WR (ed) Ice in the Climate System. NATO ASI
Series I: Global Environmental Change, Vol 12,
Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 187-209
Levitus S (1982) Climatological Atlas of the World
Ocean. NOAA Prof Pap 13, pp 1-173
Levitus S, BoyerTP (1994) World Ocean Atlas. Volume
4: Temperature. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 4, pp 1-117
Levitus S, Russell B, Boyer TP (1994) World Ocean
Atlas. Volume 3: Salinity. NOAA AtlasNESDIS 3,
pp 1-99
Mackensen A, Hubberten HW, Scheele N, Schlitzer R
.(1996) Decoupling of 1)13C~c02 and phosphate
in Recent Weddel Sea deep and bottom water:
Implications for glacial Southern Ocean
paleoceanography. Paleoceanography 11: 203-215
685
Garzoli SL, Gordon AL (1996) Origins and variability of
the Benguela Current. J Geophys Res 101: 897-906
Gat JR (1996) Oxygen and Hydrogen isotopes in the
hydrologic cycle. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 24:
225-262
Gill AE (1982) Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics. International Geophys Series 20, Academic Press, San
Diego
Gent PR, McWilliams JC (1990) Isopycnal mixing in
o,cean circulation models. J Phys Oceanogr 20:
150-155
Gonfiantffii R (1978) Standards for stable isotope measurements in natural compounds. Nature 271: 534-536
Gordon AL, Lutjeharms IRE, GrUndlingh ML (1987)
Stratification and circulation at the Agulhas Retroflection. Deep-Sea Res 34: 565-599
Gould WJ, Loynes J, Backhaus J (1985) Seasonality in
slope current transports northwest of Shetland.
Technical Report 7, ICES, Hydrography Commitee,
pp 1-13
Hoffinann G (1995) Stabile Wasserisotope im allgemeinen
Zirkulationsmodell ECHAM. Dissertation, Univ
Hamburg, pp 1-99
Hoffmann G, Heimann M (1993) Water tracers in the
ECHAM general circulation model. In: International
Atomic Energy Agency (ed) Isotope techniques in
the study of past and current environmental
changes in the hydrosphere and the atmosphere
Jacobs SS, Fairbanks RG, Horibe Y (1985) Origin
and evolution of water masses near the antarctic
continental margin. In: Oceanology of the Antarctic
Continental Shelf, Ant Res Ser 43: 59-85
Joussaume S, Jouzel J (1993) Paleoclimatic tracers: an
investigaton using an Atmospheric General Circulation Model under Ice Age conditions. 2. Water
isotopes. J Geophys Res 98: 2807-2830
Joussaume S, Sadoumy R, JouzelJ (1984) A general circulation model of water isotope cycles in the atmosphere. Nature 311: 24-29
Jouzel J (1986) Isotopes in cloud physics: Multiphase
and multistage condensation processes. In: Fritz P,
Fontes JC (eds) The Terrestrial Environmont, Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry.
Elsevier, New York, 2, pp 61-112
Jouzel J, Russel GL, Suozzo RJ, Koster RD, White JWC,
Broecker WS (1987) Simulations of the HOO and
~180 atmospheric cycles using the NASA GISS
General Circulation Model: the seasonal cycle
for present-day conditions. J Geophys Res 92:
14,739-14,760
Juillet-Leclerc A, Jouzel J, Labeyrie LD, Joussaume S
(1997) Modem and last glacial maximum sea surface
1)"0 derived from an Atmospheric General Circulation Model. Earth Planet Sci Lett 146: 591- 605
Jung SJA (1996) Wassermassenaustausch zwischen
NE-Atlantik und dem Nordmeerw!ihrend der letzten
300000/80000 Jahre im Abbild stabiler 0- und C-Isotope. PhD Thesis, Univ Kiel, pp 1-104
Kalnay E, Kanamitsu M, Kistler R, Collins W, Deaven
D, Gandin L, Iredell M, Saha S, White G, Woolen J,
Zhu Y, Leetma A, Reynolds R, Chelliah M, Ebisuzaki
W, Higgins W, Janowiak J, Mo KC, Ropelewski C,
Wang J, Jenne R, Joseph D (1996) The NCEPINCAR
40-yearreanalysis project. Bull Amer Meteor Soc 77:
437-471
Knauss J (1969) A note on the transport of the Gulf
Stream. Deep-Sea Res 16: 117-124
Labeyrie LD, Duplessy JC, Duprat J, Juillet-Leclerc A,
Moyes J, Michel E, Kallel N, Shackleton NJ (1992)
Changes in the vertical structure of the North
Atlantic ocean between glacial and modem times.
Quat Sci Rev 11:401-413
Landau LD, Lifschitz EM (1987) Fluid Mechanics (2nd
ed). Pergamon, Oxford, pp 1-539
Large WG., Danabasoglu G, Doney SC, McWilliams JC
(1997) Sensitivity to surface forcing and boundary
layer mixing in a global ocean model: Annual-mean
climatology. J Phys Oceanogr 27: 2418-2447
Larsen JC (1992) Transport and heat flux of the Florida
Current at 27° N derived from cross-stream voltages
and profiling data: Theory and observations. Philos
TransRSocLondonA338: 169-236
Lehman SJ, Wright DG, Stocker TF( 1993) Transport of
freshwater into the deep ocean by the conveyor. In:
Peltier WR (ed) Ice in the Climate System. NATO ASI
Series I: Global Environmental Change, Vol 12,
Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 187-209
Levitus S (1982) Climatological Atlas of the World
Ocean. NOAA Prof Pap 13, pp 1-173
Levitus S, BoyerTP (1994) World Ocean Atlas. Volume
4: Temperature. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 4, pp 1-117
Levitus S, Russell B, Boyer TP (1994) World Ocean
Atlas. Volume 3: Salinity. NOAA AtlasNESDIS 3,
pp 1-99
Mackensen A, Hubberten HW, Scheele N, Schlitzer R
.(1996) Decoupling of 1)13C~c02 and phosphate
in Recent Weddel Sea deep and bottom water:
Implications for glacial Southern Ocean
paleoceanography. Paleoceanography 11: 203-215