686
Paul etal.
Mathieu R (1996) GENESIS ~. A Water Molecule Stable
Isotopes and Tracers Version of the GENESIS Global Climate Model Version 2.0. Model Description.
Interdisciplinary Climate System Section, CGD,
NCAR, Boulder, Colorado. Institute of Alpine and
Arctic Research, Univ Colorado, Boulder, pp 1-19
McCorkle DC, Keigwin LD (1994) Depth profiles of 8 n C
in bottom water and core top C. wuellerstorfi on the
Ontong Java Plateau and Emperor Seamounts.
Paleoceanography 9: 197-208
McGuffie K, Henderson-Sellers A (1996) A Climate Modelling Primer (2nd ed). J Wiley & Sons, Chichester,
pp 1-253
Mikolajewicz U (1998) A meltwater induced collapse of
the' conveyor belt' thermohaline circulation and its
influence on the distribution of I'C and 8 18 0 in the
oceans. J Geophys Res, in press
NCAR Data Support Section (1986) NGDC ETOP05 global ocean depth & land elevation, 5-min. Data Set
759.1, NCAR, Boulder, Colorado, pp
NCAR Oceanography Section (1996) The NCAR CSM
ocean model. NCAR Technical Note NCARlTN423+STR, NCAR, Boulder, Colorado
Ostlund HG, Craig H, Broecker WS, Spencer D (1987)
GEOSECS Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian ocean expeditions. Shorebased data and graphics. GEOSECS
Atlas Series, US Govt Printing Office, Washington
DC, 7,pp 1-200
Pacanowski RCE (J 996) MOM 2. Documentation, User's Guide and Reference Manual. Technical Report
3.2, GFDL Ocean Group, GFDL, Princeton, New
Jersey,pp 1-329
Peterson RG, StrammaL (1991) Upper-level circulation
in the South Atlantic Ocean. Progr Oceanogr 26:
1-73
Roemmich D, Wunsch C (1985) Two transatlantic sections: Meridional circulation and heat flux in the
subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res 32:
619-664
Rohling EJ, Bigg GR (1998) Paleosalinity and 8 18 0: A
critical assessment. J Geophys Res 103: 1307-1318
Schmidt GA (1998) Oxygen-18 variations in a global
ocean model. Geophys Res Lett 25: 1201-1204
Schotterer U, OldfieldF, Frolich K (1996) Global network
for isotopes in precipitation. IAEA, Vienna, pp 1-48
Semtner A (1986) Finite-difference formulation of a
World Ocean model. In: O'Brien JJ (ed) Advanced
Physical Oceanographic Modelling. NATO ASI
Series C 186, Reidel, Dordrecht, pp 187-202
Shackleton NJ (1974) Attaimnent of isotopic equilibrium
between ocean water and the benthonic foraminifera
genus Uvigerina: Isotopic changes in the ocean
during the last glacial. Colloq Int Centr Nat Rech Sci
219: 203-209
Shea DJ, Trenberth KE, Reynolds RW (J 990) A global
monthly sea surface temperature climatology. NCAR
Technical Note NCARlTN- 345, NCAR, Boulder,
Colorado, pp 1-167
Stossel A, Oberhuber 1M, Maier-Reimer E (1996) On the
representation of sea ice in global ocean general
circulation models. J Geophys Res 101 (C8):
18,193-18,212
Stramma L, Lutjeharms JRE (1996) The flow field of
the subtropical gyre of the South Indian Ocean.
J Geophys Res 102: 5513
Toggweiler JR, Samuels B (J 995) Effect of sea ice on the
salinity of antarctic bottom waters. J Phys Oceanogr
25: 1980-1997
Toggweiler JR, Dixon K, Bryan K (1989). Simulations of
radiocarbon in a coarse-resolution World Ocean
model. I. Steady state prebomb distributions.
JGeophysRes 94: 8217-8242
UNESCO (J 981) Tenth report ofthe joint panel of oceanographic tables and standards. UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Sciences 36, UNESCO, Paris
Veronis G (1973) Large scale ocean circulation. Adv Appl
Mech 13
Veshteyn VY, Malyuk GA, Rusanov VP (1974) Oxygen18 distribution in the Central Arctic Basin. Oceanology 14: 514-519
Wajsowicz RC (1993) A consistent formulation ofthe
anisotropic stress tensor for use in models of the
large scale ocean circulation. J Comp Phys 105:
333-338
Washington WM, CL Parkinson (1986) An Introduction
to Three- Dimensional Climate Modeling. University
Science Books, Mill Valley, California
Weaver AJ, Hughes TMC (1996) On the incompatibility
of ocean and atmosphere models and the need for
fluxadjustments.ClimDyn 12: 141-170
Weiss RF, Ostlund HG, Craig H (1979) Geochemical studies of the Weddell Sea. Deep-SeaRes26A: 1093-1120
Whitworth T III, Peterson RG (1985) Volume transport
ofthe Antarctic Circumpolar Current from bottom
pressure measurements. J Phys Oceanogr 15:
810-816
Zahn R, Mix AC (1991) Benthic foraminiferal 8 18 0 in the
ocean's temperature-salinity-density field: constraints on the ice age thermohaline circulation.
Paleoceanography 6: 1-20
Paul etal.
Mathieu R (1996) GENESIS ~. A Water Molecule Stable
Isotopes and Tracers Version of the GENESIS Global Climate Model Version 2.0. Model Description.
Interdisciplinary Climate System Section, CGD,
NCAR, Boulder, Colorado. Institute of Alpine and
Arctic Research, Univ Colorado, Boulder, pp 1-19
McCorkle DC, Keigwin LD (1994) Depth profiles of 8 n C
in bottom water and core top C. wuellerstorfi on the
Ontong Java Plateau and Emperor Seamounts.
Paleoceanography 9: 197-208
McGuffie K, Henderson-Sellers A (1996) A Climate Modelling Primer (2nd ed). J Wiley & Sons, Chichester,
pp 1-253
Mikolajewicz U (1998) A meltwater induced collapse of
the' conveyor belt' thermohaline circulation and its
influence on the distribution of I'C and 8 18 0 in the
oceans. J Geophys Res, in press
NCAR Data Support Section (1986) NGDC ETOP05 global ocean depth & land elevation, 5-min. Data Set
759.1, NCAR, Boulder, Colorado, pp
NCAR Oceanography Section (1996) The NCAR CSM
ocean model. NCAR Technical Note NCARlTN423+STR, NCAR, Boulder, Colorado
Ostlund HG, Craig H, Broecker WS, Spencer D (1987)
GEOSECS Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian ocean expeditions. Shorebased data and graphics. GEOSECS
Atlas Series, US Govt Printing Office, Washington
DC, 7,pp 1-200
Pacanowski RCE (J 996) MOM 2. Documentation, User's Guide and Reference Manual. Technical Report
3.2, GFDL Ocean Group, GFDL, Princeton, New
Jersey,pp 1-329
Peterson RG, StrammaL (1991) Upper-level circulation
in the South Atlantic Ocean. Progr Oceanogr 26:
1-73
Roemmich D, Wunsch C (1985) Two transatlantic sections: Meridional circulation and heat flux in the
subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res 32:
619-664
Rohling EJ, Bigg GR (1998) Paleosalinity and 8 18 0: A
critical assessment. J Geophys Res 103: 1307-1318
Schmidt GA (1998) Oxygen-18 variations in a global
ocean model. Geophys Res Lett 25: 1201-1204
Schotterer U, OldfieldF, Frolich K (1996) Global network
for isotopes in precipitation. IAEA, Vienna, pp 1-48
Semtner A (1986) Finite-difference formulation of a
World Ocean model. In: O'Brien JJ (ed) Advanced
Physical Oceanographic Modelling. NATO ASI
Series C 186, Reidel, Dordrecht, pp 187-202
Shackleton NJ (1974) Attaimnent of isotopic equilibrium
between ocean water and the benthonic foraminifera
genus Uvigerina: Isotopic changes in the ocean
during the last glacial. Colloq Int Centr Nat Rech Sci
219: 203-209
Shea DJ, Trenberth KE, Reynolds RW (J 990) A global
monthly sea surface temperature climatology. NCAR
Technical Note NCARlTN- 345, NCAR, Boulder,
Colorado, pp 1-167
Stossel A, Oberhuber 1M, Maier-Reimer E (1996) On the
representation of sea ice in global ocean general
circulation models. J Geophys Res 101 (C8):
18,193-18,212
Stramma L, Lutjeharms JRE (1996) The flow field of
the subtropical gyre of the South Indian Ocean.
J Geophys Res 102: 5513
Toggweiler JR, Samuels B (J 995) Effect of sea ice on the
salinity of antarctic bottom waters. J Phys Oceanogr
25: 1980-1997
Toggweiler JR, Dixon K, Bryan K (1989). Simulations of
radiocarbon in a coarse-resolution World Ocean
model. I. Steady state prebomb distributions.
JGeophysRes 94: 8217-8242
UNESCO (J 981) Tenth report ofthe joint panel of oceanographic tables and standards. UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Sciences 36, UNESCO, Paris
Veronis G (1973) Large scale ocean circulation. Adv Appl
Mech 13
Veshteyn VY, Malyuk GA, Rusanov VP (1974) Oxygen18 distribution in the Central Arctic Basin. Oceanology 14: 514-519
Wajsowicz RC (1993) A consistent formulation ofthe
anisotropic stress tensor for use in models of the
large scale ocean circulation. J Comp Phys 105:
333-338
Washington WM, CL Parkinson (1986) An Introduction
to Three- Dimensional Climate Modeling. University
Science Books, Mill Valley, California
Weaver AJ, Hughes TMC (1996) On the incompatibility
of ocean and atmosphere models and the need for
fluxadjustments.ClimDyn 12: 141-170
Weiss RF, Ostlund HG, Craig H (1979) Geochemical studies of the Weddell Sea. Deep-SeaRes26A: 1093-1120
Whitworth T III, Peterson RG (1985) Volume transport
ofthe Antarctic Circumpolar Current from bottom
pressure measurements. J Phys Oceanogr 15:
810-816
Zahn R, Mix AC (1991) Benthic foraminiferal 8 18 0 in the
ocean's temperature-salinity-density field: constraints on the ice age thermohaline circulation.
Paleoceanography 6: 1-20