Clues to Ocean History: a Brief Overview of Proxies
55
Urey HC (1947) The thermodynamic properties ofisotopic substances. J Chern Soc: 562-581
VincentE, Berger WH (1981) Planktonic foraminifera and
their use in paleoceanography. In: Emiliani C (ed)
The Sea, Vol 7. Wiley-Interscience, New York,
pp 1025-1119
Vincent E, Berger WH (1985) Carbon dioxide and polar
cooling in the Miocene: the Monterey hypothesis.
In: Sundquist ET, Broecker WS (eds) The Carbon
Cycle and Atmospheric CO,: Natural Variations
Archean to Present. Geophys Monogr 32, Amer
Geophys Union, pp 455-468
Vincent E, Killingley JS, Berger WH (1981) Stable isotope composition of benthic foraminifers from the
equatorial Pacific. Nature 289: 639-643
Volkman JK, Barrett SM, Blackburn SI, Sikes EL (1995)
Alkenones in Gephyrocapsa oceanica - implications for studies of paleoclimate. Geochim
Cosmochim Acta 59: 513-520
Wada E (1980) Nitrogen isotope fractionation and its
significance in biogeochemical processes occurring
in marine environments. In: Goldberg E, Horibe Y,
Saruhashi K (eds) Isotope Marine Chemistry. Uchida
Rokakuho, Tokyo, pp 375-398
WadaE, Kadonaga T, Matsuo S (1975) lsN abundace in
nitrogen in naturally occurring substances and global assessment of denitrification from isotopic viewpoint. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 9: 139-148
Wade CM, Dar1ingKF, Kroon D, BrownAJL (1996) Early
evolutionary origin of the planktic foraminifers inferred from smallsubunit rdna sequence comparisons. J Molec Evol 43(6): 672-677
Waelbroeck C, Labeyrie L, Duplessy J-C, Guiot J,
Labracherie M, Leclaire H, Duprat J (1998) Improving past sea surface temperature estimates based on
planktonic fossil faunas. Paleoceanography 13:
272-283
Walter H-J, Rutgers van der Loeff MM, Hoeltzen H
(1997) Enhanced scavenging of nIp a relative to ZlOTh
in the South Atlantic south of the Polar Front: Implications for the use of the Z31PafZ'OTh ratio as a
paleoproductivity proxy. Earth Planet Sci Lett 149:
85-100
Wefer G (1989) Particle flux in the ocean: Effects of episodic production. In: Berger WH, Smetacek V, Wefer
G (eds) Productivity of the Ocean: Present and Past.
J Wiley & Sons, New York, pp 139-154
Wefer G, Berger WH (1991) Isotope paleontology:
growth and composition of extant calcareous species. Mar Geol 100: 207-248
Wefer G, Fischer G (1993) Seasonal patterns of vertical
particle flux in equatorial and coastal upwelling areas of the eastern Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res 40:
1613-1645
Wefer G, FischerG, Fiitterer D, Gersonde R(1988) Seasonal particle flux in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica.
Deep-Sea Res 35: 891-898
Wefer G, Berger WH, Bickert T, Donner B, Fischer G,
Kemle-von Miicke S, Meinecke G, Miiller PJ, Mulitza
S, Niebler H-S, Patzold J, SchmidtH, Schneider RR,
Segl M (1996). Late Quaternary surface circulation
in the South Atlantic: The stable isotope record and
implications for heat transport and productivity. In:
Wefer G, Berger WH, Siedler G, Webb OJ (eds) The
South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation.
Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 461-502
Wellington GM, Dunbar RB (1995) Stable isotopic signature of EI Nino-Southern Oscillation events in
eastern tropical Pacific reef corals. Coral Reefs 14:
5-25
WolffT,MulitzaS,ArzH,PatzoldJ, WeferG (1998) Oxygen isotopes versus CLIMAP (18 ka) temperatures:
A comparison from the tropical Atlantic. Geology 26:
675-678
Wolf-Gladrow DA, BijmaJ, ZeebeRE (1999) Model simulation of carbonate chemistry in the microenvironment of symbiont bearing foraminifers. Mar Chern
64: 181-198
Wu G, Berger WH (1991) Pleistocene 0"0 record from
Ontong Java Plateau: effects of winnowing and dissolution. Mar Geol 96: 193-209
Yasuda M, Berger WH, Wu G, Burke S, SchmidtH (1993)
Foraminifer preservation record for the last million
years: Site 805, Ontong Java Plateau. In: Berger WH,
Kroenke LW, Mayer LA et al. (eds) Proc ODP Sci
Results 130, College Station, TX, pp 491-508
Yu E-F, Francois R, Bacon MP (1996) Similar rates of
modern and last-glacial therohalin circulation inferred from radiochemical data. Nature 379: 689-694
Zahn R, Winn K, Sarnthein M (1986) Benthic
foraminifers I olJC and accumulation rates of
organic carbon: Uvigerina peregrina group and
Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi. Paleoceanography I:
27-42
Zeebe RE, BijmaJ, Wolf-Gladrow DA (1999) A diffusionreaction model of carbon isotope fractionation in
foraminifers. Mar Chern 64: 199-227
Zielinski U, Gersonde R, Sieger R, Fiitterer D (1998)
Quaternary surface water temperature estimations:
Calibration of a diatom transfer function for the
Sourthern Ocean. Paleoceanography 13: 365-383
55
Urey HC (1947) The thermodynamic properties ofisotopic substances. J Chern Soc: 562-581
VincentE, Berger WH (1981) Planktonic foraminifera and
their use in paleoceanography. In: Emiliani C (ed)
The Sea, Vol 7. Wiley-Interscience, New York,
pp 1025-1119
Vincent E, Berger WH (1985) Carbon dioxide and polar
cooling in the Miocene: the Monterey hypothesis.
In: Sundquist ET, Broecker WS (eds) The Carbon
Cycle and Atmospheric CO,: Natural Variations
Archean to Present. Geophys Monogr 32, Amer
Geophys Union, pp 455-468
Vincent E, Killingley JS, Berger WH (1981) Stable isotope composition of benthic foraminifers from the
equatorial Pacific. Nature 289: 639-643
Volkman JK, Barrett SM, Blackburn SI, Sikes EL (1995)
Alkenones in Gephyrocapsa oceanica - implications for studies of paleoclimate. Geochim
Cosmochim Acta 59: 513-520
Wada E (1980) Nitrogen isotope fractionation and its
significance in biogeochemical processes occurring
in marine environments. In: Goldberg E, Horibe Y,
Saruhashi K (eds) Isotope Marine Chemistry. Uchida
Rokakuho, Tokyo, pp 375-398
WadaE, Kadonaga T, Matsuo S (1975) lsN abundace in
nitrogen in naturally occurring substances and global assessment of denitrification from isotopic viewpoint. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 9: 139-148
Wade CM, Dar1ingKF, Kroon D, BrownAJL (1996) Early
evolutionary origin of the planktic foraminifers inferred from smallsubunit rdna sequence comparisons. J Molec Evol 43(6): 672-677
Waelbroeck C, Labeyrie L, Duplessy J-C, Guiot J,
Labracherie M, Leclaire H, Duprat J (1998) Improving past sea surface temperature estimates based on
planktonic fossil faunas. Paleoceanography 13:
272-283
Walter H-J, Rutgers van der Loeff MM, Hoeltzen H
(1997) Enhanced scavenging of nIp a relative to ZlOTh
in the South Atlantic south of the Polar Front: Implications for the use of the Z31PafZ'OTh ratio as a
paleoproductivity proxy. Earth Planet Sci Lett 149:
85-100
Wefer G (1989) Particle flux in the ocean: Effects of episodic production. In: Berger WH, Smetacek V, Wefer
G (eds) Productivity of the Ocean: Present and Past.
J Wiley & Sons, New York, pp 139-154
Wefer G, Berger WH (1991) Isotope paleontology:
growth and composition of extant calcareous species. Mar Geol 100: 207-248
Wefer G, Fischer G (1993) Seasonal patterns of vertical
particle flux in equatorial and coastal upwelling areas of the eastern Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res 40:
1613-1645
Wefer G, FischerG, Fiitterer D, Gersonde R(1988) Seasonal particle flux in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica.
Deep-Sea Res 35: 891-898
Wefer G, Berger WH, Bickert T, Donner B, Fischer G,
Kemle-von Miicke S, Meinecke G, Miiller PJ, Mulitza
S, Niebler H-S, Patzold J, SchmidtH, Schneider RR,
Segl M (1996). Late Quaternary surface circulation
in the South Atlantic: The stable isotope record and
implications for heat transport and productivity. In:
Wefer G, Berger WH, Siedler G, Webb OJ (eds) The
South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation.
Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 461-502
Wellington GM, Dunbar RB (1995) Stable isotopic signature of EI Nino-Southern Oscillation events in
eastern tropical Pacific reef corals. Coral Reefs 14:
5-25
WolffT,MulitzaS,ArzH,PatzoldJ, WeferG (1998) Oxygen isotopes versus CLIMAP (18 ka) temperatures:
A comparison from the tropical Atlantic. Geology 26:
675-678
Wolf-Gladrow DA, BijmaJ, ZeebeRE (1999) Model simulation of carbonate chemistry in the microenvironment of symbiont bearing foraminifers. Mar Chern
64: 181-198
Wu G, Berger WH (1991) Pleistocene 0"0 record from
Ontong Java Plateau: effects of winnowing and dissolution. Mar Geol 96: 193-209
Yasuda M, Berger WH, Wu G, Burke S, SchmidtH (1993)
Foraminifer preservation record for the last million
years: Site 805, Ontong Java Plateau. In: Berger WH,
Kroenke LW, Mayer LA et al. (eds) Proc ODP Sci
Results 130, College Station, TX, pp 491-508
Yu E-F, Francois R, Bacon MP (1996) Similar rates of
modern and last-glacial therohalin circulation inferred from radiochemical data. Nature 379: 689-694
Zahn R, Winn K, Sarnthein M (1986) Benthic
foraminifers I olJC and accumulation rates of
organic carbon: Uvigerina peregrina group and
Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi. Paleoceanography I:
27-42
Zeebe RE, BijmaJ, Wolf-Gladrow DA (1999) A diffusionreaction model of carbon isotope fractionation in
foraminifers. Mar Chern 64: 199-227
Zielinski U, Gersonde R, Sieger R, Fiitterer D (1998)
Quaternary surface water temperature estimations:
Calibration of a diatom transfer function for the
Sourthern Ocean. Paleoceanography 13: 365-383