542
Dupont
Zambezian woodland, transitional vegetation with
elements from the Namib, Kalahari, and Zambezian
phytogeographical units are found. South ofline D,
the representation of tubuliflorous composites in
modem marine sediments increases and exceed
10%. New data indicate that during the LGM, pollen percentages of tubuliflorous composites increased considerably suggesting the impact of
lower temperatures on the vegetation of southwestern Africa (Shi et al. 1998).
Results from marine and terrestrial palynology
may be used to verify model reconstructions of the
climate of Africa. Biome models could be used in
this context as an intermediate between climate
predictions and vegetation cover. A biome model
translates temperature and rainfaII data of direct
measurements or those being generated by a general circulation model into terms of vegetation
(biomes). Success of this strategy, however, depends on the accuracy of that translation, which is
calibrated for the modem situation (Haxeltine and
Prentice 1996).
As far as wind transport of pollen and spores is
concerned, formalisation in a mathematical model
would allow a quantification of wind-blown
palynomorphs. Such a model compares the continental source areas and the pollen distribution in
modem marine sediments using actual or modelled
wind trajectories. Conversely, position and size of
a pollen source area may be inferred from core data
for specified time slices (Helbig unpubl). It could
be a tool to objectively distinguish between pollen
transport agents and may lead to a better understanding of vegetation shifts and climate.
Acknowledgments
I thank Chiori Agwu (Botany Nsukka, Nigeria),
Henry Hooghiemstra (Palynology Amsterdam),
Susanne Jahns (Deutsches Archaologisches Institut
Berlin), Fabienne Marret (GeoTop Montreal),
Suzanne Leroy (Paleoecology Belfast), Ralf
Tiedemann (Geomar Kiel), Hans-Jiirgen Beug,
Ursula Grothmann, Anneke Schmiiser, Shi Ning
(Palynology Gottingen), Uwe Pflaumann, Michael
Sarnthein, Mara Weinelt, Kyaw Winn (GeologyPalaeontology Kiel), Gerd Fischer, Volker
Ratmeyer, Ralph Schneider, and Gerold Wefer
(Geology Bremen) for their cooperation, discussions, and suggestions in the last I I years during
which I have been working on marine sediments.
This research was funded by the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft (Sonderforschungsbereich 261 at Bremen University, Contribution
No. 200). Data are available under
www.pangaea.de/Projects/SFB261.
References
Agwu COC, Beug HJ (1982) Palynological studies of
marine sediments off the West African coast.
"Meteor" Forsch Ergebn C 36: 1-30
Ballouche A (1986) Paleoenvironnement de I'homme
fossile holocene au Maroc. Aport de la Palynology.
Thesis Universite Bordeaux I, pp 1-134
Behre KE (1986) Anthropogenic indicators in pollen diagrams. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 1-246
Bengo MD (1997) La sedimentation pollinique dans Ie
Sud-Cameroun et sur la platforme marine a I'epoque
actuelle et au Quaternaire recent: etudes des paleoenvironnements. Thesis Universite Montpellier II
(Languedoc), pp 1-220
Bengo MD, Maley J (1991) Analyses des flux
pollinitiques sur la marge sud du Golfe de Guinee
depuis 135000 ans. CRAcad Sci Paris, t313, Serie II,
pp843-849
Bernard J, Reille M (1987) Nouvelles analyses polliniques
dans l' Atlas de Marrakech Maroc. Pollen et Spores
29:225-240
Bryant Jr VM, Holloway RG (1996) Chapter 23A. Archaeological palynology. In: Jansonius J, McGregor
DC (ed) Palynology: principles and applications.
AASP Foundation, 3, pp 913-917
Caramiello R, Polini V, Siniscako C, Mecalli L (1990) A
pollen calendar from Turin (1981-1988) with reference
to geography and climate. Grana 29: 239-249
Caratini C, Bellet J, Tissot C (1979) Etude microscopique
de la matiere organique: palynologie et palynofacies.
In: Amould M, Pelet R Orgon 3 - Mauritanie Senegal
lies du cap-Vert - Octobre 1976. CNRS, Paris,
pp215-265
Damblon F (1991) Contribution pollenanalytique a
I'histoire des forets de chene liege au Maroc: La
suberaie de Krimda. Palaeoecol Africa 22: 185-190
Davey RJ (1971) Palynology and palaeo-environmental
studies with special reference to the continental shelf
sediments of South Africa. In: Farissacci (ed)
Proceedings of the II planktonic conference Roma
1970,I,pp331-347
Dupont
Zambezian woodland, transitional vegetation with
elements from the Namib, Kalahari, and Zambezian
phytogeographical units are found. South ofline D,
the representation of tubuliflorous composites in
modem marine sediments increases and exceed
10%. New data indicate that during the LGM, pollen percentages of tubuliflorous composites increased considerably suggesting the impact of
lower temperatures on the vegetation of southwestern Africa (Shi et al. 1998).
Results from marine and terrestrial palynology
may be used to verify model reconstructions of the
climate of Africa. Biome models could be used in
this context as an intermediate between climate
predictions and vegetation cover. A biome model
translates temperature and rainfaII data of direct
measurements or those being generated by a general circulation model into terms of vegetation
(biomes). Success of this strategy, however, depends on the accuracy of that translation, which is
calibrated for the modem situation (Haxeltine and
Prentice 1996).
As far as wind transport of pollen and spores is
concerned, formalisation in a mathematical model
would allow a quantification of wind-blown
palynomorphs. Such a model compares the continental source areas and the pollen distribution in
modem marine sediments using actual or modelled
wind trajectories. Conversely, position and size of
a pollen source area may be inferred from core data
for specified time slices (Helbig unpubl). It could
be a tool to objectively distinguish between pollen
transport agents and may lead to a better understanding of vegetation shifts and climate.
Acknowledgments
I thank Chiori Agwu (Botany Nsukka, Nigeria),
Henry Hooghiemstra (Palynology Amsterdam),
Susanne Jahns (Deutsches Archaologisches Institut
Berlin), Fabienne Marret (GeoTop Montreal),
Suzanne Leroy (Paleoecology Belfast), Ralf
Tiedemann (Geomar Kiel), Hans-Jiirgen Beug,
Ursula Grothmann, Anneke Schmiiser, Shi Ning
(Palynology Gottingen), Uwe Pflaumann, Michael
Sarnthein, Mara Weinelt, Kyaw Winn (GeologyPalaeontology Kiel), Gerd Fischer, Volker
Ratmeyer, Ralph Schneider, and Gerold Wefer
(Geology Bremen) for their cooperation, discussions, and suggestions in the last I I years during
which I have been working on marine sediments.
This research was funded by the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft (Sonderforschungsbereich 261 at Bremen University, Contribution
No. 200). Data are available under
www.pangaea.de/Projects/SFB261.
References
Agwu COC, Beug HJ (1982) Palynological studies of
marine sediments off the West African coast.
"Meteor" Forsch Ergebn C 36: 1-30
Ballouche A (1986) Paleoenvironnement de I'homme
fossile holocene au Maroc. Aport de la Palynology.
Thesis Universite Bordeaux I, pp 1-134
Behre KE (1986) Anthropogenic indicators in pollen diagrams. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 1-246
Bengo MD (1997) La sedimentation pollinique dans Ie
Sud-Cameroun et sur la platforme marine a I'epoque
actuelle et au Quaternaire recent: etudes des paleoenvironnements. Thesis Universite Montpellier II
(Languedoc), pp 1-220
Bengo MD, Maley J (1991) Analyses des flux
pollinitiques sur la marge sud du Golfe de Guinee
depuis 135000 ans. CRAcad Sci Paris, t313, Serie II,
pp843-849
Bernard J, Reille M (1987) Nouvelles analyses polliniques
dans l' Atlas de Marrakech Maroc. Pollen et Spores
29:225-240
Bryant Jr VM, Holloway RG (1996) Chapter 23A. Archaeological palynology. In: Jansonius J, McGregor
DC (ed) Palynology: principles and applications.
AASP Foundation, 3, pp 913-917
Caramiello R, Polini V, Siniscako C, Mecalli L (1990) A
pollen calendar from Turin (1981-1988) with reference
to geography and climate. Grana 29: 239-249
Caratini C, Bellet J, Tissot C (1979) Etude microscopique
de la matiere organique: palynologie et palynofacies.
In: Amould M, Pelet R Orgon 3 - Mauritanie Senegal
lies du cap-Vert - Octobre 1976. CNRS, Paris,
pp215-265
Damblon F (1991) Contribution pollenanalytique a
I'histoire des forets de chene liege au Maroc: La
suberaie de Krimda. Palaeoecol Africa 22: 185-190
Davey RJ (1971) Palynology and palaeo-environmental
studies with special reference to the continental shelf
sediments of South Africa. In: Farissacci (ed)
Proceedings of the II planktonic conference Roma
1970,I,pp331-347