510
Bijmaetal.
Erez J (I 978a) The influence of differential production
and dissolution of the stable isotope composition
of planktonic foraminifera. Ph D Thesis, Woods HoleMIT joint program, pp 1-119
Erez J (1978b) Vital effect on stable-isotope composition
seen in foraminifera and coral skeletons. Nature
273(5659): 199-202
Erez J, Luz B (1983) Experimental paleotemperature equation for planktonic foraminifera. Geochim Cosmochim
Acta47(6): 1025-1031
Fairbanks RG (1989) A 17,000-year glacio-eustatic sea
level record: Influence of glacial melting rates on the
Younger Dryas event and deep-ocean circulation.
Nature 342: 637-642
Fairbanks RG, Charles CD, Wright JD (1992) Origin of
global meltwater pulses. In: Taylor RE, Long A, Kra
RS (eds) Radiocarbon after four decades. Springer,
Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 473-500
Fairbanks RG, Sverdlove MS, Free R, Wiebe PH, Be
A WH (1982) Vertical distribution and isotopic
fractionation of living planktonic foraminifera from
the Panama Basin. Nature 298: 841-844
FairbanksRG, Wiebe PH, BeA WH(l980) Verticaldistribution and isotopic composition ofliving planktonic
foraminifera in the western north Atlantic. Science
207: 61-63
Farquhar GD, O'Leary MH, Berry JH (1982) On the relationship between carbon isotope discrimination and
the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in
leaves. Aust J Plant Physiol9: 121-137
Friedman I, O'Neil JR (1977) Compilation of stableisotope fractionation factors of geochemical
interest, Data of Geochemistry. Geol SUTY Prof Pap,
Washington
Goreau TF (1963) Calcium carbonate deposition by
coralline algae and corals in relation to their roles as
reefbuilders. Ann Ny Acad Sci 109: 127-167
Goreau TJ (1977) Coral skeletal chemistry: physiological and environmental regulation of stable isotopes
and trace metals in montastrea annularis. Proc Roy
Soc London, SerB 196: 291-315
Grotzinger JP, Kasting JF (1993) New Constraints on
Precambrian ocean composition. J Geol1 0 1: 235-243
Hemleben C, Spindler M (1983) Recent advances in research on living planktonic foraminifera. Utrecht
Micropaleontol Bull 30: 141-170
Hemleben C, Spindler M, Anderson OR (1989) Modem
planktonic foraminifera. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg
NewYork,pp 1-363
Hemleben C, Spindler M, Breitinger I, Deuser WG (1985)
Field and laboratory studies on the ontogeny and
ecology of some globorotaliid species from the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda. J ForamRes 15(4): 254-272
Hemleben C, Spindler M, Breitinger I, Ott R (1987)
Morphological and physiological responses of
Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady) under varying
laboratory conditions. Mar Micropaleontol 12(4):
305-324
Hut G (1987) Consultants group meeting on stable isotope reference samples for geochemical and hydrological investigations. Rep to Dir Gen, lnt At, Energy
Agency, Vienna, pp 1-42
Jorgensen BB, Erez J, Revsbech NP, Cohen Y (1985)
Symbiotic photosynthesis in a planktonic foraminifera, Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady), studied
with microelectrodes. Limnol Oceanogr 30(6):
1253-1267
Kahn MI, Williams DF (1981) Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition ofliving planktonic foraminifera
from the northeast Pacific Ocean. Palaeogeogr
Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol3 3 (1-3): 47-76
Kallel N, Labeyrie LD, Leclerc AJ, Duplessy JC (1988) A
deep hydrological front between intermediate and
deep-water masses in the glacial Indian Ocean.
Nature 333: 651-655
Kiddon J, Bender ML, Orchardo J, Caron DA, Goldmann
JC, Dennett M (1993) Isotopic fractionation of
oxygen by respiring marine organisms. Global
Biogeochem Cycles 7(3): 679-694
Kuile Bt, ErezJ, Padan E (1989) Mechanisms for the uptake of inorganic carbon by two species of
symbiont-bearing foraminifera. Mar Bioi 103 : 241-251
Labeyrie LD, Duplessy JC, Blanc PL (1987) Variation in
mode of formation and temperature of oceanic deep
waters over the past 125,000 years. Nature 327:
477-482
Land LS, LangJC, BarnesDJ (1977) On the stable carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of some shallow water ahermatypic, scleractinian coral skeletons.
Geochim Cosmochim Acta 41: 169-172
Lane GA, Dole M (1956) Fractionation of oxygen isotopes during respiration. Science 123: 574-577
Lea DW, Martin PA, Chan DA, Spero HJ (1995)
Calcium uptake and calcification rate in the
planktonic foraminifer Orbulina universa. J Foram
Res 25(1): 14-23
Lynch-Stieglitz J, Stocker TF, Broecker WS, Fairbanks
R (1995) The influence of air-sea exchange on the
isotopic composition of oceanic carbon: Observations and modeling. Global Biogeochem Cycles 9(4):
653-665
Mackensen A, Hubberten H-W, Bickert T, Fischer G,
Fiitterer OK (1993) The 8 13 C in benthic foraminiferal
tests of Fontbotia wuellerstorfi (Schwager) relative
Bijmaetal.
Erez J (I 978a) The influence of differential production
and dissolution of the stable isotope composition
of planktonic foraminifera. Ph D Thesis, Woods HoleMIT joint program, pp 1-119
Erez J (1978b) Vital effect on stable-isotope composition
seen in foraminifera and coral skeletons. Nature
273(5659): 199-202
Erez J, Luz B (1983) Experimental paleotemperature equation for planktonic foraminifera. Geochim Cosmochim
Acta47(6): 1025-1031
Fairbanks RG (1989) A 17,000-year glacio-eustatic sea
level record: Influence of glacial melting rates on the
Younger Dryas event and deep-ocean circulation.
Nature 342: 637-642
Fairbanks RG, Charles CD, Wright JD (1992) Origin of
global meltwater pulses. In: Taylor RE, Long A, Kra
RS (eds) Radiocarbon after four decades. Springer,
Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 473-500
Fairbanks RG, Sverdlove MS, Free R, Wiebe PH, Be
A WH (1982) Vertical distribution and isotopic
fractionation of living planktonic foraminifera from
the Panama Basin. Nature 298: 841-844
FairbanksRG, Wiebe PH, BeA WH(l980) Verticaldistribution and isotopic composition ofliving planktonic
foraminifera in the western north Atlantic. Science
207: 61-63
Farquhar GD, O'Leary MH, Berry JH (1982) On the relationship between carbon isotope discrimination and
the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in
leaves. Aust J Plant Physiol9: 121-137
Friedman I, O'Neil JR (1977) Compilation of stableisotope fractionation factors of geochemical
interest, Data of Geochemistry. Geol SUTY Prof Pap,
Washington
Goreau TF (1963) Calcium carbonate deposition by
coralline algae and corals in relation to their roles as
reefbuilders. Ann Ny Acad Sci 109: 127-167
Goreau TJ (1977) Coral skeletal chemistry: physiological and environmental regulation of stable isotopes
and trace metals in montastrea annularis. Proc Roy
Soc London, SerB 196: 291-315
Grotzinger JP, Kasting JF (1993) New Constraints on
Precambrian ocean composition. J Geol1 0 1: 235-243
Hemleben C, Spindler M (1983) Recent advances in research on living planktonic foraminifera. Utrecht
Micropaleontol Bull 30: 141-170
Hemleben C, Spindler M, Anderson OR (1989) Modem
planktonic foraminifera. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg
NewYork,pp 1-363
Hemleben C, Spindler M, Breitinger I, Deuser WG (1985)
Field and laboratory studies on the ontogeny and
ecology of some globorotaliid species from the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda. J ForamRes 15(4): 254-272
Hemleben C, Spindler M, Breitinger I, Ott R (1987)
Morphological and physiological responses of
Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady) under varying
laboratory conditions. Mar Micropaleontol 12(4):
305-324
Hut G (1987) Consultants group meeting on stable isotope reference samples for geochemical and hydrological investigations. Rep to Dir Gen, lnt At, Energy
Agency, Vienna, pp 1-42
Jorgensen BB, Erez J, Revsbech NP, Cohen Y (1985)
Symbiotic photosynthesis in a planktonic foraminifera, Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady), studied
with microelectrodes. Limnol Oceanogr 30(6):
1253-1267
Kahn MI, Williams DF (1981) Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition ofliving planktonic foraminifera
from the northeast Pacific Ocean. Palaeogeogr
Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol3 3 (1-3): 47-76
Kallel N, Labeyrie LD, Leclerc AJ, Duplessy JC (1988) A
deep hydrological front between intermediate and
deep-water masses in the glacial Indian Ocean.
Nature 333: 651-655
Kiddon J, Bender ML, Orchardo J, Caron DA, Goldmann
JC, Dennett M (1993) Isotopic fractionation of
oxygen by respiring marine organisms. Global
Biogeochem Cycles 7(3): 679-694
Kuile Bt, ErezJ, Padan E (1989) Mechanisms for the uptake of inorganic carbon by two species of
symbiont-bearing foraminifera. Mar Bioi 103 : 241-251
Labeyrie LD, Duplessy JC, Blanc PL (1987) Variation in
mode of formation and temperature of oceanic deep
waters over the past 125,000 years. Nature 327:
477-482
Land LS, LangJC, BarnesDJ (1977) On the stable carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of some shallow water ahermatypic, scleractinian coral skeletons.
Geochim Cosmochim Acta 41: 169-172
Lane GA, Dole M (1956) Fractionation of oxygen isotopes during respiration. Science 123: 574-577
Lea DW, Martin PA, Chan DA, Spero HJ (1995)
Calcium uptake and calcification rate in the
planktonic foraminifer Orbulina universa. J Foram
Res 25(1): 14-23
Lynch-Stieglitz J, Stocker TF, Broecker WS, Fairbanks
R (1995) The influence of air-sea exchange on the
isotopic composition of oceanic carbon: Observations and modeling. Global Biogeochem Cycles 9(4):
653-665
Mackensen A, Hubberten H-W, Bickert T, Fischer G,
Fiitterer OK (1993) The 8 13 C in benthic foraminiferal
tests of Fontbotia wuellerstorfi (Schwager) relative