Stable Carbon Isotopes in Benthic Foraminifera
253
Hald M, Vorren T (1987) Stable isotope stratigraphy and
paleoceanography during the last deglaciation on
the continental shelf off Troms, northern Norway.
Paleoceanography 2(6): 583-599
Hays JD, Lozano JA, Shackleton N, Irving D (1976) Reconstruction of the Atlantic and Western Indian
Ocean sectors of the 18,000 B.P. Antarctic Ocean.
In: Cline RM, Hays JD (eds) Investigation of Late
Quaternary paleoceanography and paleoclimatology.GeolSocAmerMem 145,pp337-372
Kroopnick P (1980) The distribution ofllC in the Atlantic Ocean. Earth Planet Sci Lett 49: 469-484.
Kroopnick PM (1985) The distribution of"C of total CO 2
in the world oceans. Deep-Sea Res 32(1): 57-84
Kumar N, Anderson RF, Mortlock RA, Froelich PN,
Kubik P, Dittrich-Hannen B, Suter M (1995) Increased
biological productivity and export production in the
glacial Southern Ocean. Nature 378: 675-680
Labeyrie LD, Duplessy JC, Blanc PL (1987) Variations in
mode off ormation and temperature of oceanic deep
waters over the past 125,000 years. Nature 327:
477482
Labracherie M, Labeyrie LD, Duprat J, Bard E, Arnold
M, Pichon J-J, Duplessy J-C (1989)
The last deglaciation in the Southern Ocean.
Paleoceanography 4(6): 629-638
Loeblich AR Jr, Tappan H (1988) Foraminiferal genera
and their classification. Van Norstrand Reinhold
Company, New York, pp 1-869
Lutze GF, Thiel H (1989) Epibenthic foraminifera from
elevated microhabitats: Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi
andPlanulinaariminensis. J Foram Res 19: 153-158
Lynch-Stieglitz J, Fairbanks RG (1994) A conservative
tracer for glacial ocean circulation from carbon isotope and paleonutrient measurements in benthic
foraminifera. Nature 369: 308-310
Mackensen A (1997) Zur Pal1iozeanographie hoher
Breiten: Stellvertreterdaten aus Foraminiferen. Ber
Polarforsch Bremerhaven 243, pp 1-146
Mackensen A, Douglas RG (1989) Down-core distribution oflive and dead deep-water benthic foraminifera
in box cores from the Weddell Sea and the California
continental borderland. Deep-Sea Res 36(6): 879-900
MackensenA,GrobeH,HubbertenH-W,KuhnG(1994)
Benthic foraminiferal assemblages and the o"C-signal in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean:
Glacial-to-interglacial contrasts. In: Zahn R,
Pedersen T, Kaminski M, Labeyrie L (eds) Carbon
Cycling in the Glacial Ocean: Constraints on the
Ocean's Role in Global Change.NA TO ASI Series I
17, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 105-144
Mackensen A, Hubberten H-W, Bickert T, Fischer G,
Fiitterer DK (1993) The Ol3C in benthic foraminiferal
tests of Fontbotia wuellerstorfi (Schwager) relative
to the Ol3C of dissolved inorganic carbon in Southern Ocean deep water: Implications for glacial ocean
circulation models. Paleoceanography 8(5): 587-610
Mackensen A, Hubberten H-W, Scheele N, Schlitzer R
(1996) Decoupling of 013C'C02 and phosphate in
Recent Weddell Sea Deep and Bottom Water: Implications for glacial Southern Ocean paleoceanography. Paleoceanography 11(2): 203-215
McCorkle DC, Keigwin LD (1994) Depth profiles of O"C
in bottom water and core-top C. wuellerstorfi on the
Ontong-Java Plateau and Emperor Seamounts.
Paleoceanography 9(2): 197-208
McCorkle DC, Keigwin LD, Corliss BH, Emerson SR
(1990) The influence of microhabitats on the
carbon isotopic composition of deep-sea benthic
foraminifera. Paleoceanography 5(2): 161-185
McCorkle DC, Martin PA, Lea DW, Klinkhammer GP
(1995) Evidence of a dissolution effect on benthic
foraminiferal shell chemistry: O"C, Cd/Ca, Ba/Ca, and
Sr/Ca results from the Ontong Java Plateau.
Paleoceanography 10(4): 699-714
McCorkle DC, Corliss BH, Farnham CA (1997) Vertical
distributions and stable isotopic compositions oflive
(stained) benthic foraminifera from the North Carolina and California continental margins. Deep-Sea
Res 144(6): 983-1024
Mook WG, Bommerson JC, Staverman WH (1974) Carbon isotope fractionation between dissolved bicarbonate and gaseous carbon dioxide. Earth Planet Sci
Lett22: 169-176
Mortlock RA, Charles CD, Froelich PN, Zibello MA,
Saltzman J, Hays JD, Burckle L (1991) Evidence for
lower productivity in the Antarctic Ocean during the
last glaciation. Nature 351: 220-222
Miiller PJ, Suess E (1979) Productivity, sedimentation
rate, and sedimentary organic matter in the oceans.
- I. Organic carbon preservation. Deep-Sea Res 26:
1347-1362
Oberhausli H (1991) Upwelling signals at the northeastern Walvis Ridge during the past 500,000 years.
Paleoceanograpy 6(1): 53-71
Ohga T, Kitazato H (1997) Seasonal changes in bathyal
foraminiferal populations in response to the flux of
organic matter (Sagami Bay, Japan). Terra Nova 9:
33-37
Oppo DW, Fairbanks RG (1989) Carbon isotope composition of tropical surface water during the past 22,000
years. Paleoceanography 4(4): 333-351
253
Hald M, Vorren T (1987) Stable isotope stratigraphy and
paleoceanography during the last deglaciation on
the continental shelf off Troms, northern Norway.
Paleoceanography 2(6): 583-599
Hays JD, Lozano JA, Shackleton N, Irving D (1976) Reconstruction of the Atlantic and Western Indian
Ocean sectors of the 18,000 B.P. Antarctic Ocean.
In: Cline RM, Hays JD (eds) Investigation of Late
Quaternary paleoceanography and paleoclimatology.GeolSocAmerMem 145,pp337-372
Kroopnick P (1980) The distribution ofllC in the Atlantic Ocean. Earth Planet Sci Lett 49: 469-484.
Kroopnick PM (1985) The distribution of"C of total CO 2
in the world oceans. Deep-Sea Res 32(1): 57-84
Kumar N, Anderson RF, Mortlock RA, Froelich PN,
Kubik P, Dittrich-Hannen B, Suter M (1995) Increased
biological productivity and export production in the
glacial Southern Ocean. Nature 378: 675-680
Labeyrie LD, Duplessy JC, Blanc PL (1987) Variations in
mode off ormation and temperature of oceanic deep
waters over the past 125,000 years. Nature 327:
477482
Labracherie M, Labeyrie LD, Duprat J, Bard E, Arnold
M, Pichon J-J, Duplessy J-C (1989)
The last deglaciation in the Southern Ocean.
Paleoceanography 4(6): 629-638
Loeblich AR Jr, Tappan H (1988) Foraminiferal genera
and their classification. Van Norstrand Reinhold
Company, New York, pp 1-869
Lutze GF, Thiel H (1989) Epibenthic foraminifera from
elevated microhabitats: Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi
andPlanulinaariminensis. J Foram Res 19: 153-158
Lynch-Stieglitz J, Fairbanks RG (1994) A conservative
tracer for glacial ocean circulation from carbon isotope and paleonutrient measurements in benthic
foraminifera. Nature 369: 308-310
Mackensen A (1997) Zur Pal1iozeanographie hoher
Breiten: Stellvertreterdaten aus Foraminiferen. Ber
Polarforsch Bremerhaven 243, pp 1-146
Mackensen A, Douglas RG (1989) Down-core distribution oflive and dead deep-water benthic foraminifera
in box cores from the Weddell Sea and the California
continental borderland. Deep-Sea Res 36(6): 879-900
MackensenA,GrobeH,HubbertenH-W,KuhnG(1994)
Benthic foraminiferal assemblages and the o"C-signal in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean:
Glacial-to-interglacial contrasts. In: Zahn R,
Pedersen T, Kaminski M, Labeyrie L (eds) Carbon
Cycling in the Glacial Ocean: Constraints on the
Ocean's Role in Global Change.NA TO ASI Series I
17, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 105-144
Mackensen A, Hubberten H-W, Bickert T, Fischer G,
Fiitterer DK (1993) The Ol3C in benthic foraminiferal
tests of Fontbotia wuellerstorfi (Schwager) relative
to the Ol3C of dissolved inorganic carbon in Southern Ocean deep water: Implications for glacial ocean
circulation models. Paleoceanography 8(5): 587-610
Mackensen A, Hubberten H-W, Scheele N, Schlitzer R
(1996) Decoupling of 013C'C02 and phosphate in
Recent Weddell Sea Deep and Bottom Water: Implications for glacial Southern Ocean paleoceanography. Paleoceanography 11(2): 203-215
McCorkle DC, Keigwin LD (1994) Depth profiles of O"C
in bottom water and core-top C. wuellerstorfi on the
Ontong-Java Plateau and Emperor Seamounts.
Paleoceanography 9(2): 197-208
McCorkle DC, Keigwin LD, Corliss BH, Emerson SR
(1990) The influence of microhabitats on the
carbon isotopic composition of deep-sea benthic
foraminifera. Paleoceanography 5(2): 161-185
McCorkle DC, Martin PA, Lea DW, Klinkhammer GP
(1995) Evidence of a dissolution effect on benthic
foraminiferal shell chemistry: O"C, Cd/Ca, Ba/Ca, and
Sr/Ca results from the Ontong Java Plateau.
Paleoceanography 10(4): 699-714
McCorkle DC, Corliss BH, Farnham CA (1997) Vertical
distributions and stable isotopic compositions oflive
(stained) benthic foraminifera from the North Carolina and California continental margins. Deep-Sea
Res 144(6): 983-1024
Mook WG, Bommerson JC, Staverman WH (1974) Carbon isotope fractionation between dissolved bicarbonate and gaseous carbon dioxide. Earth Planet Sci
Lett22: 169-176
Mortlock RA, Charles CD, Froelich PN, Zibello MA,
Saltzman J, Hays JD, Burckle L (1991) Evidence for
lower productivity in the Antarctic Ocean during the
last glaciation. Nature 351: 220-222
Miiller PJ, Suess E (1979) Productivity, sedimentation
rate, and sedimentary organic matter in the oceans.
- I. Organic carbon preservation. Deep-Sea Res 26:
1347-1362
Oberhausli H (1991) Upwelling signals at the northeastern Walvis Ridge during the past 500,000 years.
Paleoceanograpy 6(1): 53-71
Ohga T, Kitazato H (1997) Seasonal changes in bathyal
foraminiferal populations in response to the flux of
organic matter (Sagami Bay, Japan). Terra Nova 9:
33-37
Oppo DW, Fairbanks RG (1989) Carbon isotope composition of tropical surface water during the past 22,000
years. Paleoceanography 4(4): 333-351