252
Mackensen and Bickert
Broecker WS (1982) Glacial to interglacial changes in
ocean chemistry. Progr Oceanogr II: 151-197
Broecker WS, Maier-Reimer E (1992) The influence of
air and sea exchange on the carbon isotope distribution in the sea. Global Biogeochem Cycles 6(3):
315-320
Bruland KW, Knauer GA, Martin JH (1978) Cadmium in
northeast Pacific waters. Limnol Oceanogr 23:
618-625
CarmackEC, FosterTD (1975) On the flow of water out
of the Weddell Sea. Deep-Sea Res 22: 711-724
Charles CD, Fairbanks RG (1990) Glacial-interglacial
changes in the isotopic gradients of Southern Ocean
surface water. In: Bleil U, Thiede J (eds) The Geologic History of Polar Oceans: Arctic versus Antarctic. NATO ASI Series 308, Kluwer, Dordrecht,
pp 519-538
Charles CD, Froelich PN, Zibello MA, Mortlock RA,
Morley JJ (1991) Biogenic opal in Southern Ocean
sediments over the last 450,000 years: implications
for late Quaternary surface water chemistry and circulation. Paleoceanography 6(6): 697-728
Charles CD, WrightID, Fairbanks RG (1993) Thennodynamic influences on the marine carbon isotope
record. Paleoceanography 8(6): 691-197
Corliss B, Silva KA (1993) Rapid growth of deep-sea
benthic foraminifera. Geology 21 (11): 991-994
Curry WB (1996) Late Quaternary deep circulation in the
western equatorial Atlantic. In: Wefer G, Berger WH,
Siedler G, Webb D (eds) The South Atlantic: Present
and Past Circulation. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg
NewYork,pp 577-598
Curry WB, Lohmann GP (1983) Reduced advection into
Atlantic ocean deep eastern basins during last glacialmaximum. Nature 306: 577-580
Curry WB, Lohmann GP (1990) Reconstructing past
particle fluxes in the tropical Atlantic ocean.
Paleoceanography 5(4): 487-505
Curry WB, Duplessy lC, Labeyrie LD and Shackleton
NJ (1988) Changes in the distribution of/ilJC of deep
water LCO 2 between the last glaciation and the
Holocene. Paleoceanography 3(3): 317-341
Defelice DR, Wise SW lr (1981) Surface lithofacies,
biofacies, and diatom diversity patterns as models
for delineation of climatic change in the southeast
Atlantic Ocean. Mar Micropaleontol6: 29-70.
Deniro MJ, Epstein S (1978) Influence of diet on the distribution of carbon isotopes in animals. Geochim
CosmochimActa42:495-506
Duplessy lC, Shackleton Nl, Matthews RK, Prell W,
Ruddiman WF, Caralp MH, Hendy CH (1984) IJC
record of benthic foraminifera in the last interglacial
ocean: implications for the carbon cycle and the global deep water circulation. Quat Res 21: 225-243
Duplessy lC, Shackleton NJ, Fairbanks RG, Labeyrie L,
Oppo D, Kallel N (1988) Deepwater source variations
during the last climatic cycle and their impact on the
global deepwater circulation. Paleoceano-graphy
3(3): 343-360
Fahrbach E, Rohardt G, Scheele N, Schroder M, Strass
V, WisotzkiA (1995) Fonnation and discharge of deep
and bottom water in the northwestern Weddell Sea.
J Mar Res 53(4): 515-538
Foldvik A, Gammelsf0d T (1988) Notes on Southern
Ocean hydrography, sea-ice and bottom water formation. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol67:
3-17
Francois R, Altabet MA, Burckle LH (1992) Glacial to
interglacial changes in surface nitrate utilization in
the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean as recorded
by sediment (ilsN. Paleoceanography 7(5): 589-601
Fran,.oisR, AltabetMA, YuE-F, SigmanDM, BaconMP,
Frank M, Bohnnann G, Bareille G, Labeyrie LD (1997)
Contribution of Southern Ocean surface-water stratification
to
low
atmospheric
CO,
concentrations during the last glacial period. Nature
389: 929-935
Francois R, Bacon MP, Altabet MA, Labeyrie LD (1993)
Glacial/interglacial changes in sediment rain rate in
the SW Indian sector of subantarctic waters as recorded by '10TH, 211Pa, U, and (iISN.
Paleoceanography 8(5): 611-629
Georgi DT (1981) Circulation of bottom waters in the
southwestern South Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res 28A(9):
959-979
Gooday AJ (1988) A response by benthic Foraminifera
to the deposition of phytodetritus in the deep sea.
Nature 332: 70-73
Gooday Al, Lambshead PID (1989) Influence of seasonally deposited phytodetritus on benthic foraminiferal
populations in the bathyal northeast Atlantic: the
species response. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 58: 53-67
Gooday Al, Turley CM (1990) Responses by benthic
organisms to inputs of organic material to the ocean
floor: a review. Phil Trans R Soc Lond A 331:
119-138
Graham DW, Corliss BH, Bender ML, Keigwin LD Jr
(1981) Carbon and oxygen isotopic disequilibria of
Recent deep-sea benthic foraminifera. Mar
Micropaleontol6: 483-497
Grossman EL (1984) Carbon isotopic fractionation in live
benthic foraminifera - comparison with inorganic precipitate studies. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:
1505-1512
Mackensen and Bickert
Broecker WS (1982) Glacial to interglacial changes in
ocean chemistry. Progr Oceanogr II: 151-197
Broecker WS, Maier-Reimer E (1992) The influence of
air and sea exchange on the carbon isotope distribution in the sea. Global Biogeochem Cycles 6(3):
315-320
Bruland KW, Knauer GA, Martin JH (1978) Cadmium in
northeast Pacific waters. Limnol Oceanogr 23:
618-625
CarmackEC, FosterTD (1975) On the flow of water out
of the Weddell Sea. Deep-Sea Res 22: 711-724
Charles CD, Fairbanks RG (1990) Glacial-interglacial
changes in the isotopic gradients of Southern Ocean
surface water. In: Bleil U, Thiede J (eds) The Geologic History of Polar Oceans: Arctic versus Antarctic. NATO ASI Series 308, Kluwer, Dordrecht,
pp 519-538
Charles CD, Froelich PN, Zibello MA, Mortlock RA,
Morley JJ (1991) Biogenic opal in Southern Ocean
sediments over the last 450,000 years: implications
for late Quaternary surface water chemistry and circulation. Paleoceanography 6(6): 697-728
Charles CD, WrightID, Fairbanks RG (1993) Thennodynamic influences on the marine carbon isotope
record. Paleoceanography 8(6): 691-197
Corliss B, Silva KA (1993) Rapid growth of deep-sea
benthic foraminifera. Geology 21 (11): 991-994
Curry WB (1996) Late Quaternary deep circulation in the
western equatorial Atlantic. In: Wefer G, Berger WH,
Siedler G, Webb D (eds) The South Atlantic: Present
and Past Circulation. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg
NewYork,pp 577-598
Curry WB, Lohmann GP (1983) Reduced advection into
Atlantic ocean deep eastern basins during last glacialmaximum. Nature 306: 577-580
Curry WB, Lohmann GP (1990) Reconstructing past
particle fluxes in the tropical Atlantic ocean.
Paleoceanography 5(4): 487-505
Curry WB, Duplessy lC, Labeyrie LD and Shackleton
NJ (1988) Changes in the distribution of/ilJC of deep
water LCO 2 between the last glaciation and the
Holocene. Paleoceanography 3(3): 317-341
Defelice DR, Wise SW lr (1981) Surface lithofacies,
biofacies, and diatom diversity patterns as models
for delineation of climatic change in the southeast
Atlantic Ocean. Mar Micropaleontol6: 29-70.
Deniro MJ, Epstein S (1978) Influence of diet on the distribution of carbon isotopes in animals. Geochim
CosmochimActa42:495-506
Duplessy lC, Shackleton Nl, Matthews RK, Prell W,
Ruddiman WF, Caralp MH, Hendy CH (1984) IJC
record of benthic foraminifera in the last interglacial
ocean: implications for the carbon cycle and the global deep water circulation. Quat Res 21: 225-243
Duplessy lC, Shackleton NJ, Fairbanks RG, Labeyrie L,
Oppo D, Kallel N (1988) Deepwater source variations
during the last climatic cycle and their impact on the
global deepwater circulation. Paleoceano-graphy
3(3): 343-360
Fahrbach E, Rohardt G, Scheele N, Schroder M, Strass
V, WisotzkiA (1995) Fonnation and discharge of deep
and bottom water in the northwestern Weddell Sea.
J Mar Res 53(4): 515-538
Foldvik A, Gammelsf0d T (1988) Notes on Southern
Ocean hydrography, sea-ice and bottom water formation. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol67:
3-17
Francois R, Altabet MA, Burckle LH (1992) Glacial to
interglacial changes in surface nitrate utilization in
the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean as recorded
by sediment (ilsN. Paleoceanography 7(5): 589-601
Fran,.oisR, AltabetMA, YuE-F, SigmanDM, BaconMP,
Frank M, Bohnnann G, Bareille G, Labeyrie LD (1997)
Contribution of Southern Ocean surface-water stratification
to
low
atmospheric
CO,
concentrations during the last glacial period. Nature
389: 929-935
Francois R, Bacon MP, Altabet MA, Labeyrie LD (1993)
Glacial/interglacial changes in sediment rain rate in
the SW Indian sector of subantarctic waters as recorded by '10TH, 211Pa, U, and (iISN.
Paleoceanography 8(5): 611-629
Georgi DT (1981) Circulation of bottom waters in the
southwestern South Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res 28A(9):
959-979
Gooday AJ (1988) A response by benthic Foraminifera
to the deposition of phytodetritus in the deep sea.
Nature 332: 70-73
Gooday Al, Lambshead PID (1989) Influence of seasonally deposited phytodetritus on benthic foraminiferal
populations in the bathyal northeast Atlantic: the
species response. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 58: 53-67
Gooday Al, Turley CM (1990) Responses by benthic
organisms to inputs of organic material to the ocean
floor: a review. Phil Trans R Soc Lond A 331:
119-138
Graham DW, Corliss BH, Bender ML, Keigwin LD Jr
(1981) Carbon and oxygen isotopic disequilibria of
Recent deep-sea benthic foraminifera. Mar
Micropaleontol6: 483-497
Grossman EL (1984) Carbon isotopic fractionation in live
benthic foraminifera - comparison with inorganic precipitate studies. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:
1505-1512