354 Subject Index
solid resources 285ff
shell gravel, resources 278
shell pavement 130, 173
see also coquina
shocked quartz, K-T boundary 265
sial (= granitic material, silicon, aluminum) 6
side-scan sonar 22, 114, 115, 123
Sigsbee Abyssal Plain, salt intrusion 281
silica
extraction from the ocean 84
flux 232, 233
rings and belts 231
in interstitial water 235
switch, Tertiary 261ff
deposition and heat exchange 261
cycle 296 ,see also opal
silicate minerals, definition 318
siliceous deposits 216, 231
silicoflagellates 329
silicon, abundance 322
silicon-32 324
silt 78, 80 ff
silver, Red Sea deposits 297
sima (= basaltic material, silicon, magnesium)
6
sinking of sea floor 25
slides, see submarine slides
sludge disposal, see waste disposal
slumps, see submarine slides
smectite (= montmorillonite) 82, 222, 294
formula 318
Society Islands 186
solar constant 212, 272
Solomon Trench 174
sonograph record 115, 116, 123
source rocks 140 (see petroleum)
South Sandwich Trench 25
South Pacific Islands 186, 198
South Atlantic; sea floor ages 36
CCD fluctuations 267
South Equatorial Current 112ff
Southern Ocean, see Antarctic Ocean
spectral analysis 251ff
(in Pleistocene stratigraphy)
Spiroloculina (foram) 169
sponges, Ross Sea shelf 170
defmition 330
spreading
see sea floor spreading
spumellarian (radiolarian) 329
St. Joseph's Island, Texas 142
stagnation 205
stenohaline organisms 162
Stokes'Law 101
storm action 111, 132
deposits 124, 132, 133
stratification, stable 187
stratigraphic resolution 237
stratigraphy, history 304
stromatolites 134
strontium isotopes 239
stratigraphy 264
and carbon dioxide 257
subduction zones 7, 8, 28, 40, 51, 52
sublittoral, definition 44
submarine canyons 43, 60ff
study of 62, 67
origin 62
off California 61
Mediterranean 62
as sediment funnels 65, 97, 108, 109
and quality of harbors 139
submarine dune fields 98
submarine fans (= deep sea fans) 58, 60, 65,
92
submarine (land)slides 58ff
subpolar gyre 113
subsidence, of the sea floor 23ff, 129
and CCD reconstruction 267
of Venice 151ff
substrate, for benthic organisms 168 ff
subtropical gyres 112, 124
subtropical zone 185, 187
sulfate reduction 76, 89,90, 182,205
in Ridge Crest 294
sulfide deposits, hot vents 296
sulfide-oxidizing bacteria 182
sun-spot cycles 212
Sunda Trench 25
sunlight and productivity 161
superplumes 31, 37, 40, 274
superswell 40
supralittoral, definition 44
surface currents 111 ff
in ice age ocean 243
Tertiary 260
suspended load 99
suspension 173
feeders 167, 171
swash marks 103
Swedish Deep Sea Expedition (Albatross) 4,
215,241,247
Sylt, coastal protection 110
Sylvania sea mount 131
symbiotic algae 164, 168, 169
symbiotic bacteria, hot vents 182
Tasmanian Passage 259
solid resources 285ff
shell gravel, resources 278
shell pavement 130, 173
see also coquina
shocked quartz, K-T boundary 265
sial (= granitic material, silicon, aluminum) 6
side-scan sonar 22, 114, 115, 123
Sigsbee Abyssal Plain, salt intrusion 281
silica
extraction from the ocean 84
flux 232, 233
rings and belts 231
in interstitial water 235
switch, Tertiary 261ff
deposition and heat exchange 261
cycle 296 ,see also opal
silicate minerals, definition 318
siliceous deposits 216, 231
silicoflagellates 329
silicon, abundance 322
silicon-32 324
silt 78, 80 ff
silver, Red Sea deposits 297
sima (= basaltic material, silicon, magnesium)
6
sinking of sea floor 25
slides, see submarine slides
sludge disposal, see waste disposal
slumps, see submarine slides
smectite (= montmorillonite) 82, 222, 294
formula 318
Society Islands 186
solar constant 212, 272
Solomon Trench 174
sonograph record 115, 116, 123
source rocks 140 (see petroleum)
South Sandwich Trench 25
South Pacific Islands 186, 198
South Atlantic; sea floor ages 36
CCD fluctuations 267
South Equatorial Current 112ff
Southern Ocean, see Antarctic Ocean
spectral analysis 251ff
(in Pleistocene stratigraphy)
Spiroloculina (foram) 169
sponges, Ross Sea shelf 170
defmition 330
spreading
see sea floor spreading
spumellarian (radiolarian) 329
St. Joseph's Island, Texas 142
stagnation 205
stenohaline organisms 162
Stokes'Law 101
storm action 111, 132
deposits 124, 132, 133
stratification, stable 187
stratigraphic resolution 237
stratigraphy, history 304
stromatolites 134
strontium isotopes 239
stratigraphy 264
and carbon dioxide 257
subduction zones 7, 8, 28, 40, 51, 52
sublittoral, definition 44
submarine canyons 43, 60ff
study of 62, 67
origin 62
off California 61
Mediterranean 62
as sediment funnels 65, 97, 108, 109
and quality of harbors 139
submarine dune fields 98
submarine fans (= deep sea fans) 58, 60, 65,
92
submarine (land)slides 58ff
subpolar gyre 113
subsidence, of the sea floor 23ff, 129
and CCD reconstruction 267
of Venice 151ff
substrate, for benthic organisms 168 ff
subtropical gyres 112, 124
subtropical zone 185, 187
sulfate reduction 76, 89,90, 182,205
in Ridge Crest 294
sulfide deposits, hot vents 296
sulfide-oxidizing bacteria 182
sun-spot cycles 212
Sunda Trench 25
sunlight and productivity 161
superplumes 31, 37, 40, 274
superswell 40
supralittoral, definition 44
surface currents 111 ff
in ice age ocean 243
Tertiary 260
suspended load 99
suspension 173
feeders 167, 171
swash marks 103
Swedish Deep Sea Expedition (Albatross) 4,
215,241,247
Sylt, coastal protection 110
Sylvania sea mount 131
symbiotic algae 164, 168, 169
symbiotic bacteria, hot vents 182
Tasmanian Passage 259