352 Subject Index
radio-isotopes, dating 178, 323
radioactive waste 300
radiocarbon, see carbon-14
radiolarians, 216, 218, 232, 329
ooze 231
Tertiary trends 259
radiolarites 23
rain, pelagic, 160, 220
Rajmabal flood basalt 32
Reade's age estimate 92
recrystallization 77
silica 234
reef debris 196
see also diagenesis
Red Clay (pelagic clay) 222ff
definition 215
origin 222
sedimentation rates 219
composition 322
x-ray radiograph 174
Red Sea 45, 124
as a model of rifting 45, 48
circulation 203
ore deposits 297
redeposition, types of 93
see also turbidites, turbidity currents,
submarine landslides, marine sediments
redox reactions 76
reef (see also coral, coral reef)
structures 48
limestones 83
growth 145
terraces 146
talus 171
building 195, 330
types 196
reflective beach stage 103
regression 147
and albedo 260
regressive sequence 139
relict sediments 13 8
remineralization 157, 162
remote sensing 143
Reophax (foram) 169
reservoir rock (oil) 140, 171
residence times of elements in seawater 75, 77
resources, types 277
restricted environments 162
Reunion hot spot 32
Reykjanes Ridge, magnetic pattern 35
Rhabdosphaera (coccolith) 192
Rhizopora(mangrove) 143
ridge crest, origin 22, 23
see Mid-Ocean Ridge
ridge-ridge transform fault 28
Riftia (tube worm) 182
rifting and origin of continental margin 45
ring of fire (= volcanoes, earthquake centers
rimming Pacific) 28
rip currents 104
rip-rap (beach protection) 108
ripple formation 104
current ripples 104, 114, 115, 131
tidal flats 11 7
oscillation ripples 104; 131
on outer shelf 103
deepsea floor 123
river, input of sediment 69, 70
mouths (types) 138
water composition 75
rock types 320
as substrates for benthos 168 ff
Romanche Deep 121
Ross Sea 170, 205
shelf epifauna 170
rounding of pebbles 100
rubidium-strontium method 323
rutile (mineral), formula 318
sabkha 88, 90
Salicornia (marsh plant) 330
salinity, distributions 201
as environmental factor 162
and oxygen isotopes 193
and circulation 201 ff
stratification 204
salt age for the ocean 77
salt deposits 90 ff, 151, 199
deep sea 48 ff
salt domes 48, 49, 280, 281,285
salt water intrusion (estuary) 138
Samoan Passage 120
sand 78, 80
ease of travel 100 ff
as substrate 171
for building 278, 288
Santa Barbara Basin 93, 188,209,210,213
Santorini, volcanic ash 74
sapropel layers (Medi-terranean) 207, 217
see also anaerobism
Sargasso Sea 111, 112
Sargassum (sea weed) 330
satellite altimetry 26
saturation, carbonate 227ff
silicate 231
scaphopods 331
radio-isotopes, dating 178, 323
radioactive waste 300
radiocarbon, see carbon-14
radiolarians, 216, 218, 232, 329
ooze 231
Tertiary trends 259
radiolarites 23
rain, pelagic, 160, 220
Rajmabal flood basalt 32
Reade's age estimate 92
recrystallization 77
silica 234
reef debris 196
see also diagenesis
Red Clay (pelagic clay) 222ff
definition 215
origin 222
sedimentation rates 219
composition 322
x-ray radiograph 174
Red Sea 45, 124
as a model of rifting 45, 48
circulation 203
ore deposits 297
redeposition, types of 93
see also turbidites, turbidity currents,
submarine landslides, marine sediments
redox reactions 76
reef (see also coral, coral reef)
structures 48
limestones 83
growth 145
terraces 146
talus 171
building 195, 330
types 196
reflective beach stage 103
regression 147
and albedo 260
regressive sequence 139
relict sediments 13 8
remineralization 157, 162
remote sensing 143
Reophax (foram) 169
reservoir rock (oil) 140, 171
residence times of elements in seawater 75, 77
resources, types 277
restricted environments 162
Reunion hot spot 32
Reykjanes Ridge, magnetic pattern 35
Rhabdosphaera (coccolith) 192
Rhizopora(mangrove) 143
ridge crest, origin 22, 23
see Mid-Ocean Ridge
ridge-ridge transform fault 28
Riftia (tube worm) 182
rifting and origin of continental margin 45
ring of fire (= volcanoes, earthquake centers
rimming Pacific) 28
rip currents 104
rip-rap (beach protection) 108
ripple formation 104
current ripples 104, 114, 115, 131
tidal flats 11 7
oscillation ripples 104; 131
on outer shelf 103
deepsea floor 123
river, input of sediment 69, 70
mouths (types) 138
water composition 75
rock types 320
as substrates for benthos 168 ff
Romanche Deep 121
Ross Sea 170, 205
shelf epifauna 170
rounding of pebbles 100
rubidium-strontium method 323
rutile (mineral), formula 318
sabkha 88, 90
Salicornia (marsh plant) 330
salinity, distributions 201
as environmental factor 162
and oxygen isotopes 193
and circulation 201 ff
stratification 204
salt age for the ocean 77
salt deposits 90 ff, 151, 199
deep sea 48 ff
salt domes 48, 49, 280, 281,285
salt water intrusion (estuary) 138
Samoan Passage 120
sand 78, 80
ease of travel 100 ff
as substrate 171
for building 278, 288
Santa Barbara Basin 93, 188,209,210,213
Santorini, volcanic ash 74
sapropel layers (Medi-terranean) 207, 217
see also anaerobism
Sargasso Sea 111, 112
Sargassum (sea weed) 330
satellite altimetry 26
saturation, carbonate 227ff
silicate 231
scaphopods 331