Phosphate in organic hard parts 83
phosphorite deposits 90, 125, 278
Christmas Island 285
mining 286
phosphorus budget 82, 322
photic zone, thickness 161
photosynthesis, as sea level indicator 134
and benthic sediment production 164
phreatic processes 196
phylogenetic tree 328
physiographic diagrams 18,55
phytoplankton production 161
pillow basalts 22, 23, 183
pioneers, marine geology 1 ff
piston coring 241, 242
placer deposits 130, 287, 288
planktonic organisms 48, 84, 157,218
diversity 157
planktonic foraminifera, oxygen isotopes 144ff,
248ff
as temperature indicators 188 ff
zonation 189
in Persian Gulf 189, 207
carbon isotopes 254
planktonic organisms (= living within water,
drifting with the currents) 84
as tracers of currents 111
shell-bearing; planktonlbenthos ratio 84
Planolites (burrows) 178
plate stratigraphy 266
plate tectonics 28ff, 36, 303
history 5, 7
plate boundaries 9, 29, 31
and volcano chains 32
Pleistocene, sea level fluctuations 144 ff
record 242ff
Milankovitch control 251
atmosphere 253
duration 317
Pliocene 262
duration 317
plumes (= mantle plumes, see hot spots) 30ff
pockmarks (from mud volcanoes) 76
Po Delta (subsidence) 152, 153
Pogonophora (tube worms), 182,331, cover
see hot vent
polar front, ice age migration 190, 246
polar wandering, and continental drift 7
polar zones 186, 187
pollution 298, 300
and oxygen deficiency, 206
polycyclic sands (= eroded and redeposited)
80, 81
porifera, definition 330
Subject Index 351
Porites (coral) 165, 331
porosity (= pore space within sediment) 147
pore water 75
potassium-argon dating 323
potholes, Arctic shelves 200
precession of Earth axis 252
precipitates (= hydrogenous and biogenous
sediments) 70
precipitation patterns 201
preservation, of tracks and burrows 177
limits to ecologic reconstruction 180
selecti vity 191
and biogenous sediments 217
carbonate 229
siliceous shells 233
see also selective preservation, dissolution,
differential dissolution
primary production, world map 160
production rate, benthic carbonate 168
reef carbonate 195
productivity 157
and environmental factors 157
of phytoplankton 158
control by phosphorus 158ff
and export production 158, 220
and bioturbation 175
in temperate latitudes 185
in Baltic 204
and pollution 206
record in varves 210
and biogenous sediments 217
effect on CCD 228
and opal deposition 231
and sediment supply 233
Pleistocene cycles 247
and dust supply 251
in the ice age 255
and carbon isotopes 255
and phosphorites 285
protista (unicell. orgs. with a well-defined
nucleus) 328
Proto-Atlantic 51
Prudhoe Bay 281
pteropod ooze (= rich in aragonitic shells of
pelagic snails) 225
Puerto Rico Trench 25
pyrite (mineral), formula 319
pyroxene (mineral) formula 319
quartz 222, 318, 321
beach sand 78, 80
Quaternary, duration 317
Quilon Beach (India) 289
phosphorite deposits 90, 125, 278
Christmas Island 285
mining 286
phosphorus budget 82, 322
photic zone, thickness 161
photosynthesis, as sea level indicator 134
and benthic sediment production 164
phreatic processes 196
phylogenetic tree 328
physiographic diagrams 18,55
phytoplankton production 161
pillow basalts 22, 23, 183
pioneers, marine geology 1 ff
piston coring 241, 242
placer deposits 130, 287, 288
planktonic organisms 48, 84, 157,218
diversity 157
planktonic foraminifera, oxygen isotopes 144ff,
248ff
as temperature indicators 188 ff
zonation 189
in Persian Gulf 189, 207
carbon isotopes 254
planktonic organisms (= living within water,
drifting with the currents) 84
as tracers of currents 111
shell-bearing; planktonlbenthos ratio 84
Planolites (burrows) 178
plate stratigraphy 266
plate tectonics 28ff, 36, 303
history 5, 7
plate boundaries 9, 29, 31
and volcano chains 32
Pleistocene, sea level fluctuations 144 ff
record 242ff
Milankovitch control 251
atmosphere 253
duration 317
Pliocene 262
duration 317
plumes (= mantle plumes, see hot spots) 30ff
pockmarks (from mud volcanoes) 76
Po Delta (subsidence) 152, 153
Pogonophora (tube worms), 182,331, cover
see hot vent
polar front, ice age migration 190, 246
polar wandering, and continental drift 7
polar zones 186, 187
pollution 298, 300
and oxygen deficiency, 206
polycyclic sands (= eroded and redeposited)
80, 81
porifera, definition 330
Subject Index 351
Porites (coral) 165, 331
porosity (= pore space within sediment) 147
pore water 75
potassium-argon dating 323
potholes, Arctic shelves 200
precession of Earth axis 252
precipitates (= hydrogenous and biogenous
sediments) 70
precipitation patterns 201
preservation, of tracks and burrows 177
limits to ecologic reconstruction 180
selecti vity 191
and biogenous sediments 217
carbonate 229
siliceous shells 233
see also selective preservation, dissolution,
differential dissolution
primary production, world map 160
production rate, benthic carbonate 168
reef carbonate 195
productivity 157
and environmental factors 157
of phytoplankton 158
control by phosphorus 158ff
and export production 158, 220
and bioturbation 175
in temperate latitudes 185
in Baltic 204
and pollution 206
record in varves 210
and biogenous sediments 217
effect on CCD 228
and opal deposition 231
and sediment supply 233
Pleistocene cycles 247
and dust supply 251
in the ice age 255
and carbon isotopes 255
and phosphorites 285
protista (unicell. orgs. with a well-defined
nucleus) 328
Proto-Atlantic 51
Prudhoe Bay 281
pteropod ooze (= rich in aragonitic shells of
pelagic snails) 225
Puerto Rico Trench 25
pyrite (mineral), formula 319
pyroxene (mineral) formula 319
quartz 222, 318, 321
beach sand 78, 80
Quaternary, duration 317
Quilon Beach (India) 289