350 Subject Index
potential 48, 66, 77, 140, 171
resources 278
Ojo de Liebre 90
Okinawa trough, vents 296
Oligocene, duration 317
olivine, mineral 318, 319
-tholeiites 23
Ontong Java Plateau 235, 274
ooid (== small egg-like calcareous particle, such
as oolite or oolith) 86
oolites 86, 87, 132
calcareous 86, 87
iron 92
oozes, definition 215
opaline silica 118, 125, 231
deposition, dissolution 233
ophiolites (== rock assemblage indicating deep
sea origin, in an active margin or mountain
chain) 22, 53, 236
ophiuroids (brittle stars) 118, 332
orbital parameters 252
ore deposits 52
hydrothermal 293ff
Red Sea 297
also see manganese deposits
organic carbon, productivity 140
; transfer to ocean bottom 158; in marine
sediments 160; total flux 221; organic matter
44, 98, 118, 125, 129, 140, 158ff
organic matter 44,98, 118, 125, 129, 140, 158ff
organic-rich sediments 161
and oxygen deficiency 166
Cretaceous 270
and petroleum 279
see also anaerobic sediments
organisms, categories 327
see marine organisms
oscillation ripples 104, 131
ostracods in restricted environments 162
overwash fans 140, 142
oxygen elemental abundance 322
in atmosphere 90
content of seawater 118
as environmental factor 165
oxygen deficiency 166,205,209,272
in Cretaceous 272
from pollution 299
oxygen isotopes, Pleistocene record, 144ff,
249ff
and paleotemperature, 192 ff
in benthic forams 263
Tertiary record 257, 262
oxygen minimum 159, 209, 271
pachyderma (foram, genus Neogloboquadrina)
189
Pacific Ocean, earthquake belt 27
statistics 42
circulation 260
sedimentation 224ff
seismic stratigraphy, 235, 268
manganese nodules 289ff
Pacific-Atlantic asymmetry 261
Pacific-type margins (==active margins) 45, 51ff
Padina (calcareous algae) 164
paleoceanography, history 241, 304
Paleocene, paleogeography 10, 70
duration 317
paleodepth, reconstruction 267
paleoecologic reconstruction 180
paleoproductivity 254, 256
paleotemperature determination 188ff
record 249
Panafrican foldbelt 38
Panama Seaway 262
Pangaea 6, 151
particle flux, traps 221
passive continental margins 45ff, 50, 51
pavement, manganese 114; erosional 116
peat bogs, coastal 133'
pebble beach 105
pelagic sediments, definition 1, 43, 44
types 215ff
overall thickness 21
clay (== Red Clay) 222
calcareous ooze 225
siliceous ooze 231
pelagic rain 220
pelecypods (== bivalves) 331
Penicillus (calc. algae) 164
peridotite 23, 320
perihelion, definition 252
permeability (== ability to transmit fluids) 147
Persian Gulf 57, 88, 135, 206ff
circulation 124 ff, 202
as model 200ff
oil pollution 300
Peru upwelling 119
Peru-Chile Trench 51
pesticides and sea birds 298
petroleum, 277ff
accumulation 280
resources (== estimated amount recoverable)
277,278
reserves (= now producible) 282
pH, seawater 73
phaeodarians 329
Philippine Trench 25
potential 48, 66, 77, 140, 171
resources 278
Ojo de Liebre 90
Okinawa trough, vents 296
Oligocene, duration 317
olivine, mineral 318, 319
-tholeiites 23
Ontong Java Plateau 235, 274
ooid (== small egg-like calcareous particle, such
as oolite or oolith) 86
oolites 86, 87, 132
calcareous 86, 87
iron 92
oozes, definition 215
opaline silica 118, 125, 231
deposition, dissolution 233
ophiolites (== rock assemblage indicating deep
sea origin, in an active margin or mountain
chain) 22, 53, 236
ophiuroids (brittle stars) 118, 332
orbital parameters 252
ore deposits 52
hydrothermal 293ff
Red Sea 297
also see manganese deposits
organic carbon, productivity 140
; transfer to ocean bottom 158; in marine
sediments 160; total flux 221; organic matter
44, 98, 118, 125, 129, 140, 158ff
organic matter 44,98, 118, 125, 129, 140, 158ff
organic-rich sediments 161
and oxygen deficiency 166
Cretaceous 270
and petroleum 279
see also anaerobic sediments
organisms, categories 327
see marine organisms
oscillation ripples 104, 131
ostracods in restricted environments 162
overwash fans 140, 142
oxygen elemental abundance 322
in atmosphere 90
content of seawater 118
as environmental factor 165
oxygen deficiency 166,205,209,272
in Cretaceous 272
from pollution 299
oxygen isotopes, Pleistocene record, 144ff,
249ff
and paleotemperature, 192 ff
in benthic forams 263
Tertiary record 257, 262
oxygen minimum 159, 209, 271
pachyderma (foram, genus Neogloboquadrina)
189
Pacific Ocean, earthquake belt 27
statistics 42
circulation 260
sedimentation 224ff
seismic stratigraphy, 235, 268
manganese nodules 289ff
Pacific-Atlantic asymmetry 261
Pacific-type margins (==active margins) 45, 51ff
Padina (calcareous algae) 164
paleoceanography, history 241, 304
Paleocene, paleogeography 10, 70
duration 317
paleodepth, reconstruction 267
paleoecologic reconstruction 180
paleoproductivity 254, 256
paleotemperature determination 188ff
record 249
Panafrican foldbelt 38
Panama Seaway 262
Pangaea 6, 151
particle flux, traps 221
passive continental margins 45ff, 50, 51
pavement, manganese 114; erosional 116
peat bogs, coastal 133'
pebble beach 105
pelagic sediments, definition 1, 43, 44
types 215ff
overall thickness 21
clay (== Red Clay) 222
calcareous ooze 225
siliceous ooze 231
pelagic rain 220
pelecypods (== bivalves) 331
Penicillus (calc. algae) 164
peridotite 23, 320
perihelion, definition 252
permeability (== ability to transmit fluids) 147
Persian Gulf 57, 88, 135, 206ff
circulation 124 ff, 202
as model 200ff
oil pollution 300
Peru upwelling 119
Peru-Chile Trench 51
pesticides and sea birds 298
petroleum, 277ff
accumulation 280
resources (== estimated amount recoverable)
277,278
reserves (= now producible) 282
pH, seawater 73
phaeodarians 329
Philippine Trench 25