growth 145 ff
atoll origin 146, 198 ff
fringing reefs 196
global distribution 194ff
as climate indicators 194ff
framework, fill 195
types 198
climatic record 210ff
whitening 210
nutrient pollution 298
terraces 146
coral 330
Acropora 164
porites, growth rate 165
isotopic analysis 165
climatic record 21 Off
isotopic analysis of 165
temperature record in 165
core of Earth 120
Coriolis Force 118, 119, 123
cosmic spherules 94
Cretaceous, duration 317
Cretaceous ocean 272, 273
organic-rich sediments 271, 273
Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary 265, 266, 305
crinoids 332
Croll-Milankovitch Theory
see Milankovitch
cross-bedding 114 117, 131, 132
crust of Earth
definition 16ff
illustration 47
chemical composition 322
crustaceans 332
cryptocrystalline (= consisting of extremely
fine crystals); see chert
Curie Point 33
currents 111 ff
velocity and transport 99
oceanic 111 ff
markers 114 ff
lineations 116, 122
see also turbidity currents
cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) 134
cyclic sedimentation 3, 128
Pleistocene 249, 250, 261
Cretaceous 273
cycling rate, of surficial sediments 173
Cyclococcolithina (nannofossil) 192
Cyclococcolithus 329
Cyclolithella 192
cyclostratigraphy 240
cyclothems (Paleozoic) 128
Dakar cont. margin 59, 73
dating of sediments 236
and bioturbation 178
Subject Index
343
by radio-isotopes 323, 324
debris flow, deep-sea fans 65
Deccan flood basalt 32
decollement zone 54
deep circulation 120, 124
halothermal 121
ice age 124
Miocene 263
deep geostrophic currents 120, 122
deep sea fans 57, 66 ff
illustration 58, 64, 65
Bay of Bengal 67
deep sea currents 120 ff
deep sea sediments 215
study of 2
tracks, burrows 174
bioturbation 178
types, patterns, rates of deposition 217ff
Deep Sea Drilling Project 4,215, 259, 260
deforestation, and carbon dioxide 229
and soil erosion 206, 298
deglaciation 246
and sea level 135
delta, cross-section 139;
shelf build-up 56
shapes 138ff
Mississippi 140
oil and gas potential 140
denudation rates 93
deposit feeders 168, 173
depth of sea floor 15, 24
depth-age relationship
see age-depth curve
desiccation cracks 132, 134
detritus, suspended 167
diagenesis 70, 75 ff
clay minerals 82
dolomite 88
and origin of chert 84, 85, 234, 264
also see recrystallization
diamonds see placer deposits
diapirs see salt domes
diatom ooze 231
diatom mud 231
diatom sedimentation, Tertiary 261
see also silica, opal
diatoms 216,218,329
Dictyocha (silicoflagellate) 329
differential dissolution 90, 165, 192
of evaporites 90
atoll origin 146, 198 ff
fringing reefs 196
global distribution 194ff
as climate indicators 194ff
framework, fill 195
types 198
climatic record 210ff
whitening 210
nutrient pollution 298
terraces 146
coral 330
Acropora 164
porites, growth rate 165
isotopic analysis 165
climatic record 21 Off
isotopic analysis of 165
temperature record in 165
core of Earth 120
Coriolis Force 118, 119, 123
cosmic spherules 94
Cretaceous, duration 317
Cretaceous ocean 272, 273
organic-rich sediments 271, 273
Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary 265, 266, 305
crinoids 332
Croll-Milankovitch Theory
see Milankovitch
cross-bedding 114 117, 131, 132
crust of Earth
definition 16ff
illustration 47
chemical composition 322
crustaceans 332
cryptocrystalline (= consisting of extremely
fine crystals); see chert
Curie Point 33
currents 111 ff
velocity and transport 99
oceanic 111 ff
markers 114 ff
lineations 116, 122
see also turbidity currents
cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) 134
cyclic sedimentation 3, 128
Pleistocene 249, 250, 261
Cretaceous 273
cycling rate, of surficial sediments 173
Cyclococcolithina (nannofossil) 192
Cyclococcolithus 329
Cyclolithella 192
cyclostratigraphy 240
cyclothems (Paleozoic) 128
Dakar cont. margin 59, 73
dating of sediments 236
and bioturbation 178
Subject Index
343
by radio-isotopes 323, 324
debris flow, deep-sea fans 65
Deccan flood basalt 32
decollement zone 54
deep circulation 120, 124
halothermal 121
ice age 124
Miocene 263
deep geostrophic currents 120, 122
deep sea fans 57, 66 ff
illustration 58, 64, 65
Bay of Bengal 67
deep sea currents 120 ff
deep sea sediments 215
study of 2
tracks, burrows 174
bioturbation 178
types, patterns, rates of deposition 217ff
Deep Sea Drilling Project 4,215, 259, 260
deforestation, and carbon dioxide 229
and soil erosion 206, 298
deglaciation 246
and sea level 135
delta, cross-section 139;
shelf build-up 56
shapes 138ff
Mississippi 140
oil and gas potential 140
denudation rates 93
deposit feeders 168, 173
depth of sea floor 15, 24
depth-age relationship
see age-depth curve
desiccation cracks 132, 134
detritus, suspended 167
diagenesis 70, 75 ff
clay minerals 82
dolomite 88
and origin of chert 84, 85, 234, 264
also see recrystallization
diamonds see placer deposits
diapirs see salt domes
diatom ooze 231
diatom mud 231
diatom sedimentation, Tertiary 261
see also silica, opal
diatoms 216,218,329
Dictyocha (silicoflagellate) 329
differential dissolution 90, 165, 192
of evaporites 90