342 Subject Index
sediment thickness 283
duration 317
cephalopods 331
cesium-137300
Challenger Expedition V, 2,15, 16,94,215,
285, 289
Challenger Knoll
salt dome 281
channels on delta 139
on deep sea fan 60, 65
chemical markers 194
chemostratigraphy 238, 239
chemosynthesis 182, 304
Chernobyl 300
chert, origin 84
deepsea 234, 264
definition 217, 321
Chicxulub Crater 265
Chile Trench 19
chitons 331
chlorine, abundance 322
chlorite distribution
structure 82, 222, 224
formula 318
Chondrites (burrows) 178
Christmas Island phosphorite 285
circulation, circumpolar 259
grand asymmetries 260
see also currents
Circumpolar Current 123, 259
clastics (detrital) 70
clathrates 76
clay 78
clay minerals 74
as climate indicators 199
origin, structure, distribution 222ff
formulae 318
clay-sized sediment 82
cliff erosion 107, 110, 129 ff
CLIMAP Project 164, 190,245,275
18k map 244, 245, 249
climate, link to bioturbation 175
zonation 185 ff
indicators (see also oxygen isotopes) 168 ff,
199 ff;
and transgression 191
and global change 191, 211ff, 229, 231
ice ages 244
system 209, 247, 306;
catastrophe 212, 265
coal deposits 129, 133
coastal, lagoons 89
processes 103 ff
engineering 10 I, 108
morphology 127 ff, 140f
morpho and sea level rise 135 ff, 153
upwelling 158, 159, 195
ice age upwelling 243
cobalt in manganese nodules 289, 290
in manganese deposits 289, 290, 294
coccolithophores 84, 218, 329
dissolution aspects 192
whitings 187
coccoliths, size 216
Coccolith us 192
cold seeps 182, 183
collision margins (= Pacific-type m. active m.)
51 ff
comet marks 116
conglomerate 135
continental slope, 42, 43, 57
continental margins, study of 4
general features 41 ff
geographic statistics 42
crustal structure 19
as sediment traps 44 ff
passive 45 ff
active 51 ff
sediments 97
and sea level fluctuations 147 ff
Chile 19
northern California 57
East Coast 271
continental drift, history 5, 7, 19,2938
illustration 6
fit of continents 10
continent-continent coJJision 51
continental rise, geographic statistics 42 ff
illustrations 43
origin of 57ff, 81
continental crust, composition 41, 322
continental accretion 28
Continental Borderland of California
see California Borderland
continents, statistics 44
contour currents 59, 120, 123
contour currents 120, 123
contourites 123
convection system 16, 19
conversions, units 315
cooling steps, Tertiary 263,
copper, in manganese deposits 289, 290
in Red Sea deposits 297
coquina 130, 171
coral reef 114, 165, 194ff
Great Barrier Reef 27, 170
growth rates 93, 195
control by currents 195
sediment thickness 283
duration 317
cephalopods 331
cesium-137300
Challenger Expedition V, 2,15, 16,94,215,
285, 289
Challenger Knoll
salt dome 281
channels on delta 139
on deep sea fan 60, 65
chemical markers 194
chemostratigraphy 238, 239
chemosynthesis 182, 304
Chernobyl 300
chert, origin 84
deepsea 234, 264
definition 217, 321
Chicxulub Crater 265
Chile Trench 19
chitons 331
chlorine, abundance 322
chlorite distribution
structure 82, 222, 224
formula 318
Chondrites (burrows) 178
Christmas Island phosphorite 285
circulation, circumpolar 259
grand asymmetries 260
see also currents
Circumpolar Current 123, 259
clastics (detrital) 70
clathrates 76
clay 78
clay minerals 74
as climate indicators 199
origin, structure, distribution 222ff
formulae 318
clay-sized sediment 82
cliff erosion 107, 110, 129 ff
CLIMAP Project 164, 190,245,275
18k map 244, 245, 249
climate, link to bioturbation 175
zonation 185 ff
indicators (see also oxygen isotopes) 168 ff,
199 ff;
and transgression 191
and global change 191, 211ff, 229, 231
ice ages 244
system 209, 247, 306;
catastrophe 212, 265
coal deposits 129, 133
coastal, lagoons 89
processes 103 ff
engineering 10 I, 108
morphology 127 ff, 140f
morpho and sea level rise 135 ff, 153
upwelling 158, 159, 195
ice age upwelling 243
cobalt in manganese nodules 289, 290
in manganese deposits 289, 290, 294
coccolithophores 84, 218, 329
dissolution aspects 192
whitings 187
coccoliths, size 216
Coccolith us 192
cold seeps 182, 183
collision margins (= Pacific-type m. active m.)
51 ff
comet marks 116
conglomerate 135
continental slope, 42, 43, 57
continental margins, study of 4
general features 41 ff
geographic statistics 42
crustal structure 19
as sediment traps 44 ff
passive 45 ff
active 51 ff
sediments 97
and sea level fluctuations 147 ff
Chile 19
northern California 57
East Coast 271
continental drift, history 5, 7, 19,2938
illustration 6
fit of continents 10
continent-continent coJJision 51
continental rise, geographic statistics 42 ff
illustrations 43
origin of 57ff, 81
continental crust, composition 41, 322
continental accretion 28
Continental Borderland of California
see California Borderland
continents, statistics 44
contour currents 59, 120, 123
contour currents 120, 123
contourites 123
convection system 16, 19
conversions, units 315
cooling steps, Tertiary 263,
copper, in manganese deposits 289, 290
in Red Sea deposits 297
coquina 130, 171
coral reef 114, 165, 194ff
Great Barrier Reef 27, 170
growth rates 93, 195
control by currents 195