344 Subject Index
of plankton shells 192
see also selective preservation
dike sheets 23
dilution cycles 250
dinoflagellates 329
as symbiotic algae 164
cysts at the K-T boundary
dipping reflectors 46 ff
Discosphaera (coccolith) 192
dissipative beach stage 103
dissolution
of plankton shells 192
of carbonate 226ff
of siliceous shells 233
see also differential dissolution
selective preservation
dissolution cycles 247
Distephanus (silicoflag.) 329
diversity of marine organisms 157, 191
as climate indicator 163
coral reef 196
Miocene forams 263
patterns of microfossils 237
doldrums 112, 113
dolomite 84 ff, 88ff, 199
formula 319
downwelling, arid basin 203
drainage area 44
Drake Passage 259
drift ice 72, 200
dropstones 71,199
dumping on sea floor
see waste disposal
dunite (basaltic rock) 320
Dupal anomaly 40
dust over Atlantic 73
dysaerobic
see anaerobic
Earth
structure 20
rotation 134
statistics 316
earthquakes
distribution 25, 27, 28, 30
East African margin 48
East African Rift 45
East Coast, USA
continental margin 43
slope currents 122
morphology 137
benthic diversity (shelf) 163
oil exploration 284
East Anglia, pebble beach 105
East Pacific Rise 22, 23
hydrothermal circulation 183, 295, 304
eastern boundary currents 119
eastern equatorial Pacific
seismic stratigraphy 268
eccentricity of orbit 251, 252
echinoderms
types 332
echo sounding 16, 17, 59
economic zone 285
Ekofisk Field, North Sea 283
El Nino 118, 188,210,211
geologic record 212
El Chich6n
volcano 211
Emiliana huxleyi (coccolith) 159, 192, 212
Emperor Seamounts 31, 32
endogenic processes 16ff
energy
statistics 277
Enewetak Atoll 196
Enoshima (Japan) wave-cut terrace 130
ENSO Event, see El Nino
environment, man's impact 206,298
Eocene
duration 317
geography 260
chert 264
Eocene-Oligocene Step 264, 269
eolian dust 71
transport,North Pacific 223, 250
epicenter (point on Earth surface closest to
earthquake) 26
epifauna 166, 168 ff
coral reef 197
episodic events 94, 305
and epoch boundaries 304
equatorial Pacific
CCD fluctuations 269
equatorial upwelling 120, 158, 187
in the ice age 243
equilibrium, chemical 85
equinoxes, definition 252
estuaries 125, 138ff
erosion, rates of 69,93,98
in submarine canyons 66
by boring organisms 167ff
estuarine circulation 125, 203, 207
eugeosyncline (= downwarp in crust containing
folded and partly metamorphosed marine
sediments rich in volcanogenic deposits) 53
Euler theorem 9, 10, 29
eustatic sealevel change 127
eutrophication, estuaries 298, 299
of plankton shells 192
see also selective preservation
dike sheets 23
dilution cycles 250
dinoflagellates 329
as symbiotic algae 164
cysts at the K-T boundary
dipping reflectors 46 ff
Discosphaera (coccolith) 192
dissipative beach stage 103
dissolution
of plankton shells 192
of carbonate 226ff
of siliceous shells 233
see also differential dissolution
selective preservation
dissolution cycles 247
Distephanus (silicoflag.) 329
diversity of marine organisms 157, 191
as climate indicator 163
coral reef 196
Miocene forams 263
patterns of microfossils 237
doldrums 112, 113
dolomite 84 ff, 88ff, 199
formula 319
downwelling, arid basin 203
drainage area 44
Drake Passage 259
drift ice 72, 200
dropstones 71,199
dumping on sea floor
see waste disposal
dunite (basaltic rock) 320
Dupal anomaly 40
dust over Atlantic 73
dysaerobic
see anaerobic
Earth
structure 20
rotation 134
statistics 316
earthquakes
distribution 25, 27, 28, 30
East African margin 48
East African Rift 45
East Coast, USA
continental margin 43
slope currents 122
morphology 137
benthic diversity (shelf) 163
oil exploration 284
East Anglia, pebble beach 105
East Pacific Rise 22, 23
hydrothermal circulation 183, 295, 304
eastern boundary currents 119
eastern equatorial Pacific
seismic stratigraphy 268
eccentricity of orbit 251, 252
echinoderms
types 332
echo sounding 16, 17, 59
economic zone 285
Ekofisk Field, North Sea 283
El Nino 118, 188,210,211
geologic record 212
El Chich6n
volcano 211
Emiliana huxleyi (coccolith) 159, 192, 212
Emperor Seamounts 31, 32
endogenic processes 16ff
energy
statistics 277
Enewetak Atoll 196
Enoshima (Japan) wave-cut terrace 130
ENSO Event, see El Nino
environment, man's impact 206,298
Eocene
duration 317
geography 260
chert 264
Eocene-Oligocene Step 264, 269
eolian dust 71
transport,North Pacific 223, 250
epicenter (point on Earth surface closest to
earthquake) 26
epifauna 166, 168 ff
coral reef 197
episodic events 94, 305
and epoch boundaries 304
equatorial Pacific
CCD fluctuations 269
equatorial upwelling 120, 158, 187
in the ice age 243
equilibrium, chemical 85
equinoxes, definition 252
estuaries 125, 138ff
erosion, rates of 69,93,98
in submarine canyons 66
by boring organisms 167ff
estuarine circulation 125, 203, 207
eugeosyncline (= downwarp in crust containing
folded and partly metamorphosed marine
sediments rich in volcanogenic deposits) 53
Euler theorem 9, 10, 29
eustatic sealevel change 127
eutrophication, estuaries 298, 299