571
Index
vertical vers. lateral 438ff
Seismic wave propagation 44ff
Siderite (FeCO 3 )
formation 251, 255ff
Siderophores 246
Silica
determination 102
amorphous silica 257, 463
pore water profile 74
silica gel 160
total flux measurements 224
total flux rates 110, 224
silica undersaturation 225
solid phase profile 118
→ biogenic silicate
Silcates
authigenic formation of aluminosilicates 256f
concentration 10
redox reactivity 250f
Siliceous biogenic ooze 10, 14
pelagic distribution 19
→ biogenic silicate
Silicon
silicon cycle 440f, 445ff
→ biogenic silicate, silica
Sinking velocity of particles 131
Slumps 133, 506
Smectites 6f
authigenic formation (nontronite) 10, 256f, 263,
386, 399, 403
conversion to illite 498
global distribution 20f
influence of hydrothermal fluids 460
palagonitization 10
particle diameter 2
redox reactivity 251
reduction / reoxidation 251, 378
→ clay minerals
Solubility constant (k) 328
Solubility product (K sp ) 514ff
Sphalerite (ZnS) 457, 463ff
→ black smokers
Stable isotope measurement 340–341
δ-value 340
mass spectrometry 340
Stagnant oceanic bottom water 126–127
→ Black Sea
Steady state conditions 76ff, 198, 220, 259, 299, 330f,
528, 531ff
→ non-steady state conditions
Stockwork complexes 457, 460f, 463, 472, 476
Strontium
pore water profile 74
solid phase profile 118
Sr isotope stratigraphy 402
Suberin 139f
→ OM - chemical composition
Sulfate
- depletion related to OM degradation 83f
35
S-labeled sulfate 196ff, 296, 299
anaerobic methane oxidation (AOM)
170f, 279ff, 504ff
assimilatory sulfate reduction 274f
δ
34
S in marine sediments (→) 359f
δ
34
S of seawater and pore waters (→) 356ff
determination by ion-chromatography 104
dissimilatory sulfate reduction (→) 256, 274ff,
292f
oxidation of S
0
to sulfate 171
oxidation of S 2 O 3
2to sulfate 171
pore water profiles 74, 83, 95, 195, 274, 278ff, 296,
532, 534f, 540
Rayleigh fractionation 358
reduction zone 273
reduction rates (SRR) 179ff, 193f, 198, 276ff, 296,
299
SRR vers. oxygen uptake rates 276ff
sulfate reducing bacteria 138, 149f, 169f, 173, 182,
184, 186ff, 192, 198ff, 214, 256, 271, 274, 278ff, 286,
295, 356ff, 504f
sulfate-methane reaction (modeling) 528, 532ff
sulfate-methane transition (SMT) 119, 271, 279ff,
288ff, 293, 300,504f
(→ methane)
Sulfide
acid volatile sulfide (AVS) 292
bisulfide complexes 461
by reduction of S
0
or S 2 O 3
2171
δ
34
S in marine sediments (→) 359f
determination by ion-selective electrodes 104
formation of iron sulfides (→ pyrite)
hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) 74, 127, 145, 150, 171, 214,
272, 284ff, 290, 300, 357f, 468, 484, 505f, 543
in gas hydrates 482ff
in-situ measurements 109
iron mineral reactivity towards sulfide 251ff
isotopic composition (δ
34
S) 357f
oxidation 186, 193, 195, 214f, 271, 278, 293ff, 298,
301, 358f, 532
photometrical determination 102f
pore water profiles 74, 95, 280, 532
product of AOM 505 (→ methane)
Rayleigh fractionation 358
voltammetric microelectrode technique 225
→ iron sulfides
Index
vertical vers. lateral 438ff
Seismic wave propagation 44ff
Siderite (FeCO 3 )
formation 251, 255ff
Siderophores 246
Silica
determination 102
amorphous silica 257, 463
pore water profile 74
silica gel 160
total flux measurements 224
total flux rates 110, 224
silica undersaturation 225
solid phase profile 118
→ biogenic silicate
Silcates
authigenic formation of aluminosilicates 256f
concentration 10
redox reactivity 250f
Siliceous biogenic ooze 10, 14
pelagic distribution 19
→ biogenic silicate
Silicon
silicon cycle 440f, 445ff
→ biogenic silicate, silica
Sinking velocity of particles 131
Slumps 133, 506
Smectites 6f
authigenic formation (nontronite) 10, 256f, 263,
386, 399, 403
conversion to illite 498
global distribution 20f
influence of hydrothermal fluids 460
palagonitization 10
particle diameter 2
redox reactivity 251
reduction / reoxidation 251, 378
→ clay minerals
Solubility constant (k) 328
Solubility product (K sp ) 514ff
Sphalerite (ZnS) 457, 463ff
→ black smokers
Stable isotope measurement 340–341
δ-value 340
mass spectrometry 340
Stagnant oceanic bottom water 126–127
→ Black Sea
Steady state conditions 76ff, 198, 220, 259, 299, 330f,
528, 531ff
→ non-steady state conditions
Stockwork complexes 457, 460f, 463, 472, 476
Strontium
pore water profile 74
solid phase profile 118
Sr isotope stratigraphy 402
Suberin 139f
→ OM - chemical composition
Sulfate
- depletion related to OM degradation 83f
35
S-labeled sulfate 196ff, 296, 299
anaerobic methane oxidation (AOM)
170f, 279ff, 504ff
assimilatory sulfate reduction 274f
δ
34
S in marine sediments (→) 359f
δ
34
S of seawater and pore waters (→) 356ff
determination by ion-chromatography 104
dissimilatory sulfate reduction (→) 256, 274ff,
292f
oxidation of S
0
to sulfate 171
oxidation of S 2 O 3
2to sulfate 171
pore water profiles 74, 83, 95, 195, 274, 278ff, 296,
532, 534f, 540
Rayleigh fractionation 358
reduction zone 273
reduction rates (SRR) 179ff, 193f, 198, 276ff, 296,
299
SRR vers. oxygen uptake rates 276ff
sulfate reducing bacteria 138, 149f, 169f, 173, 182,
184, 186ff, 192, 198ff, 214, 256, 271, 274, 278ff, 286,
295, 356ff, 504f
sulfate-methane reaction (modeling) 528, 532ff
sulfate-methane transition (SMT) 119, 271, 279ff,
288ff, 293, 300,504f
(→ methane)
Sulfide
acid volatile sulfide (AVS) 292
bisulfide complexes 461
by reduction of S
0
or S 2 O 3
2171
δ
34
S in marine sediments (→) 359f
determination by ion-selective electrodes 104
formation of iron sulfides (→ pyrite)
hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) 74, 127, 145, 150, 171, 214,
272, 284ff, 290, 300, 357f, 468, 484, 505f, 543
in gas hydrates 482ff
in-situ measurements 109
iron mineral reactivity towards sulfide 251ff
isotopic composition (δ
34
S) 357f
oxidation 186, 193, 195, 214f, 271, 278, 293ff, 298,
301, 358f, 532
photometrical determination 102f
pore water profiles 74, 95, 280, 532
product of AOM 505 (→ methane)
Rayleigh fractionation 358
voltammetric microelectrode technique 225
→ iron sulfides