Index
572
Sulfur
35
S 196f
burial in marine sediments 294
chromium reducable sulfur (CRS) 293
δ
34
S of marine sediments 359f
δ
34
S of sea and pore waters 356ff
disproportionation of inorganic sulfur species
171, 188f, 297f, 300, 358
elemental sulfur (S
0
) 171, 189, 197, 275, 286f, 295,
297f, 300, 358
input components 271
isotopic composition (δ
34
S) 356ff
isotopic fractionation 171, 356ff
organosulfur 143
polythionates 296, 300
principles of fractionation 356ff
solid phase profiles 118, 290ff
sulfite (SO 3
2) 300
sulfur bacteria (→ prokaryotic organisms) 185ff, 193,
214f, 221f, 294, 298, 536, 538
sulfur cycle 171, 189, 197, 271, 294ff, 300f, 356ff
thiosulfate (S 2 O 3
2) 171, 275, 296f, 300, 358
→ iron sulfides, sulfate, sulfide
Suspension load of rivers 2–3
accumulation at the ocean floor 2
discharge 3
grain-size distribution 2
quantifcation 2, 4
T
Tephra layers 5
Terrestrial biomarkers 150ff
average chain length (ACL) index 156f
Terrigenous sediments
classification 12f, 54ff
distribution on continental shelves 16f
P-wave velocity and attenuation 54
pelagic distribution 19
physical properties 67
Thermocline 255, 209, 485
Thiobacillus ferroxidans 187
Thiomargarita 178, 214, 222, 298, 536f
Thioploca 187, 214f, 298
Thorium
230
Th 258, 401f, 404, 409
234
Th 116, 258
Titanium
solid phase profile 118
Toba Ash layer 61, 64
Todorokite 398
Tortuosity (θ θ θ
θ θ) 35, 42, 44, 79, 82
Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle 188
→ OM degradation, fermentation
Turbidites
permeability of - 52
turbidity currents 12, 133, 534
U
Udden-Wentworth scale 12f
U 37
K' index 154f
Ultrasonic transmission measurements 42, 47
attenuation analysis 49ff
P-wave velocity and attenuation 47ff
V
Variogram analysis 442f
Vernadite 396
W
Water
isotopic composition 502f
Water column stratification 126ff
Weathering 2ff, 241f, 248ff, 251, 357f, 403, 450
Weddell Sea Bottom Water 347
Wet bulk density (ρ ρ ρ
ρ ρ) 28ff
by electrical resistivity (galvanic method) 35ff
by electrical resistivity (inductive method) 39ff
by gamma ray attenuation 31ff
in-situ versus ex-situ measurements 68
White smokers 463
Winnowing 27, 439, 446
Z
Zinc
concentration in seawater 375
solid phase profile 118
Locations
Aarhus Bay (→ Baltic Sea) 136f, 192, 283, 296f
Alaskan margin 472
Amazon 252, 272, 274–275
- Deep-Sea Fan 83, 290
- Delta 257
- River 2
572
Sulfur
35
S 196f
burial in marine sediments 294
chromium reducable sulfur (CRS) 293
δ
34
S of marine sediments 359f
δ
34
S of sea and pore waters 356ff
disproportionation of inorganic sulfur species
171, 188f, 297f, 300, 358
elemental sulfur (S
0
) 171, 189, 197, 275, 286f, 295,
297f, 300, 358
input components 271
isotopic composition (δ
34
S) 356ff
isotopic fractionation 171, 356ff
organosulfur 143
polythionates 296, 300
principles of fractionation 356ff
solid phase profiles 118, 290ff
sulfite (SO 3
2) 300
sulfur bacteria (→ prokaryotic organisms) 185ff, 193,
214f, 221f, 294, 298, 536, 538
sulfur cycle 171, 189, 197, 271, 294ff, 300f, 356ff
thiosulfate (S 2 O 3
2) 171, 275, 296f, 300, 358
→ iron sulfides, sulfate, sulfide
Suspension load of rivers 2–3
accumulation at the ocean floor 2
discharge 3
grain-size distribution 2
quantifcation 2, 4
T
Tephra layers 5
Terrestrial biomarkers 150ff
average chain length (ACL) index 156f
Terrigenous sediments
classification 12f, 54ff
distribution on continental shelves 16f
P-wave velocity and attenuation 54
pelagic distribution 19
physical properties 67
Thermocline 255, 209, 485
Thiobacillus ferroxidans 187
Thiomargarita 178, 214, 222, 298, 536f
Thioploca 187, 214f, 298
Thorium
230
Th 258, 401f, 404, 409
234
Th 116, 258
Titanium
solid phase profile 118
Toba Ash layer 61, 64
Todorokite 398
Tortuosity (θ θ θ
θ θ) 35, 42, 44, 79, 82
Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle 188
→ OM degradation, fermentation
Turbidites
permeability of - 52
turbidity currents 12, 133, 534
U
Udden-Wentworth scale 12f
U 37
K' index 154f
Ultrasonic transmission measurements 42, 47
attenuation analysis 49ff
P-wave velocity and attenuation 47ff
V
Variogram analysis 442f
Vernadite 396
W
Water
isotopic composition 502f
Water column stratification 126ff
Weathering 2ff, 241f, 248ff, 251, 357f, 403, 450
Weddell Sea Bottom Water 347
Wet bulk density (ρ ρ ρ
ρ ρ) 28ff
by electrical resistivity (galvanic method) 35ff
by electrical resistivity (inductive method) 39ff
by gamma ray attenuation 31ff
in-situ versus ex-situ measurements 68
White smokers 463
Winnowing 27, 439, 446
Z
Zinc
concentration in seawater 375
solid phase profile 118
Locations
Aarhus Bay (→ Baltic Sea) 136f, 192, 283, 296f
Alaskan margin 472
Amazon 252, 272, 274–275
- Deep-Sea Fan 83, 290
- Delta 257
- River 2