Index
570
Propane 483f, 489
→ gas hydrates
Proteins 138f
depolymerization 190
→ OM - chemical composition
Pyrite (FeS 2 ) 119, 149f, 193, 195, 203, 263, 271ff
authigenic formation 149f, 255f, 285ff, 292ff, 356ff
degree of pyritisation (DOP) 252f
in E H -pH diagram 375
in vent systems 457ff
isotopic composition (δ
34
S) 359f
limitation of formation 253
pyrite-pyrrhotite redox buffer 465
relation to TOC content (S:C ratio) 149f
→ black smokers, iron sulfides
Pyrolysis gas chromatography 159
Pyrrhotite (Fe 1-x S) 286f
precipitation 463ff
pyrite-pyrrhotite redox buffer 465
→ black smokers, iron sulfides, marcasite, pyrite
R
Radioacive tracers 196ff
Radium
226
Ra 116, 258f, 289, 403
Rare Earth Elements (REE) as redox indicators
388ff
concentrations in hydrothermal fluids 470
Reaction fronts 287ff
Reaction rates
calculations based on molecular diffusion 77ff
problems on calculation 195
via incubation experiments 196
via radioactive tracers 196ff
via specific inhibitors 198ff
Reactive layer 75f, 259f
Red clay 13f, 375f
elemental composition 376
global distribution 18, 376
sedimentation rates 22f, 377
Redeposition of sediments 27, 132f, 154, 233f
Redfield-ratio 85, 89, 103, 138, 184, 210, 328, 322, 328,
332, 346f, 522
→ OM - C:N:P ratio
Redox balance 192f
Redox cascade 193
Redox cycles 181f, 257ff, 543
Redox potential (E) 182f
E H measurement with electrodes 96f
pore water profiles 74, 96
Redox processes (principles) 182f
Remote sensing data 435f
Resuspension 132f, 233f, 438f
Reynolds numbers (Re) 174
Rhizon pore water sampling 99f
Rock-Eval Pyrolysis 130, 151, 159
Rubidium
solid phase profile 118
S
Saccharides 139
→ OM - chemical composition
Sapropels 126f, 135, 151, 292
Saturation index (SI) 318f, 323
calculation 514ff
SI of mineral and gaseous phases in seawater 518
Sea-level change 16, 343, 501
effect on the chloride concentration 88
effect on the δ
18
O of seawater 342f
Sea-surface temperature reconstruction 154ff, 349f
Seawater
aquatic species composition (calculated) 514ff
chemical composition of vent fluids 467ff, 514
critical point for - 466
physical properties 64ff
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) 281
Sediment accumulation 132, 448ff
Sediment echosounding 57ff
Sediment elasticity 28
properties of clayey sediments 44
properties of sandy sediments 44
Sediment sampling devices 90ff
box corer 90f
ex-situ methods 90ff
gravity corer 92f
harpoon sampler 93
in-situ methods 105ff
box-shaped gravity corer (Kastenlot) 93
light-weight, high-momentum gravity corer 91f
multicorer 91
piston corer 92f
Sediment trap experiments 136, 218f, 315, 325, 438f,
448
Sedimentation
sedimentation rate 22ff, 131f
determination by radioactive isotopes 258f
570
Propane 483f, 489
→ gas hydrates
Proteins 138f
depolymerization 190
→ OM - chemical composition
Pyrite (FeS 2 ) 119, 149f, 193, 195, 203, 263, 271ff
authigenic formation 149f, 255f, 285ff, 292ff, 356ff
degree of pyritisation (DOP) 252f
in E H -pH diagram 375
in vent systems 457ff
isotopic composition (δ
34
S) 359f
limitation of formation 253
pyrite-pyrrhotite redox buffer 465
relation to TOC content (S:C ratio) 149f
→ black smokers, iron sulfides
Pyrolysis gas chromatography 159
Pyrrhotite (Fe 1-x S) 286f
precipitation 463ff
pyrite-pyrrhotite redox buffer 465
→ black smokers, iron sulfides, marcasite, pyrite
R
Radioacive tracers 196ff
Radium
226
Ra 116, 258f, 289, 403
Rare Earth Elements (REE) as redox indicators
388ff
concentrations in hydrothermal fluids 470
Reaction fronts 287ff
Reaction rates
calculations based on molecular diffusion 77ff
problems on calculation 195
via incubation experiments 196
via radioactive tracers 196ff
via specific inhibitors 198ff
Reactive layer 75f, 259f
Red clay 13f, 375f
elemental composition 376
global distribution 18, 376
sedimentation rates 22f, 377
Redeposition of sediments 27, 132f, 154, 233f
Redfield-ratio 85, 89, 103, 138, 184, 210, 328, 322, 328,
332, 346f, 522
→ OM - C:N:P ratio
Redox balance 192f
Redox cascade 193
Redox cycles 181f, 257ff, 543
Redox potential (E) 182f
E H measurement with electrodes 96f
pore water profiles 74, 96
Redox processes (principles) 182f
Remote sensing data 435f
Resuspension 132f, 233f, 438f
Reynolds numbers (Re) 174
Rhizon pore water sampling 99f
Rock-Eval Pyrolysis 130, 151, 159
Rubidium
solid phase profile 118
S
Saccharides 139
→ OM - chemical composition
Sapropels 126f, 135, 151, 292
Saturation index (SI) 318f, 323
calculation 514ff
SI of mineral and gaseous phases in seawater 518
Sea-level change 16, 343, 501
effect on the chloride concentration 88
effect on the δ
18
O of seawater 342f
Sea-surface temperature reconstruction 154ff, 349f
Seawater
aquatic species composition (calculated) 514ff
chemical composition of vent fluids 467ff, 514
critical point for - 466
physical properties 64ff
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) 281
Sediment accumulation 132, 448ff
Sediment echosounding 57ff
Sediment elasticity 28
properties of clayey sediments 44
properties of sandy sediments 44
Sediment sampling devices 90ff
box corer 90f
ex-situ methods 90ff
gravity corer 92f
harpoon sampler 93
in-situ methods 105ff
box-shaped gravity corer (Kastenlot) 93
light-weight, high-momentum gravity corer 91f
multicorer 91
piston corer 92f
Sediment trap experiments 136, 218f, 315, 325, 438f,
448
Sedimentation
sedimentation rate 22ff, 131f
determination by radioactive isotopes 258f