569
Index
terminology for regimes 127
total flux measurements 105ff, 110, 224
P
Palagonitization 10
Paleo-sea surface temperature 154
Paleoproductivity (PaP) 128ff
iron hypothesis 245f
relation to the organic carbon content 149ff
Particle mixing 116
→ bioturbation
Pentane 483f
→ gas hydrates
Permeability (k) 28f, 42ff, 54, 61, 114
membrane - 348f
- barrier 506
pH-value
conversion in hydrothermal fluids 460
in-situ measurements 109, 329
influence of decompression 96
influence on ferrous iron oxidation 253
measurement by electrodes 96
pore water profile 74
Phosphate
adsorption on iron oxides 248f, 255
photometrical determination 102f
pore water profiles 74, 220, 537
release by bacterial activity 221f
sedimentary phosphate cycle 219ff
total flux rates 110, 224
water column profile 208
Phosphorus
32
P 196
authigenic - 255
organic - (→) 255
radioisotopes (
32
P,
33
P) 212f
solid phase profiles 118, 220, 537
species and forms of bonding 219ff
Phosphorite 390, 392
authigenic formation of - 221ff, 536ff
authigenic carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) 220f
Pore water analysis 93ff
dissolved gases 94ff
ex-situ methods 93ff, 225f
flow injection analysis 103f
gas-chromatography 104f
ICP-AES, AAS, ICP-MS 104
in-situ methods 105ff, 223ff
ion-chromatography (HPLC) 104
ion-selective electrodes 104
photometrical determinations 102f
pore water preservation 101f
redox potential and pH-value (→) 96f
voltammetric microelectrode technique 225
Pore water density 30
Pore water extraction
- by centrifugation 99, 226, 434
- by rhizons 99f
- by sediment squeezing 97ff, 434
- under inert gas conditions in a glove box 96
whole core squeezing method 99, 434
Pore water profiles
calculation of fluxes 82ff, 431f
effects of decompression 94
effects of transient heating 225f
general interpretation 87f
quantitative evaluation 82ff
seasonal changes 77f
→ steady state / non-steady state conditions
Pore water sampling 93ff
Porosity (φ φ φ
φ φ) 28ff, 36ff, 113f
by electrical resistivity (galvanic method) 35ff
by electrical resistivity (inductive method) 39ff
by gamma ray attenuation 31ff
in-situ versus ex-situ measurements 68
increased porosity due to gas hydrate formation
499
influence on flux calculations 79ff
interporosity 30
intraporosity 30
relation to tortuosity (→) 82
represented by chloride concentration 118f
Posidonia shales 127, 150
Potassium
solid phase profile 118
Predominance field diagrams 373ff, 519ff
Production
export production 128, 450f
iron as limiting nutrient 243ff, 374
new production 128
paleoproductivity 128ff
primary production 127ff, 429f, 435f
secondary production 429
Prokaryotic organisms
chemolithotrophes 185ff
hyperthermophilic bacteria 179
influence of pressure 179f
in the deep sub-surface 178f
inter-species hydrogen transfer 182, 282
proton motive force 181, 188
psychrophilic bacteria 180
relations to oxygen 184
specific metabolic rate 177f
substrate uptake 177f
thermophilic bacteria 180
Index
terminology for regimes 127
total flux measurements 105ff, 110, 224
P
Palagonitization 10
Paleo-sea surface temperature 154
Paleoproductivity (PaP) 128ff
iron hypothesis 245f
relation to the organic carbon content 149ff
Particle mixing 116
→ bioturbation
Pentane 483f
→ gas hydrates
Permeability (k) 28f, 42ff, 54, 61, 114
membrane - 348f
- barrier 506
pH-value
conversion in hydrothermal fluids 460
in-situ measurements 109, 329
influence of decompression 96
influence on ferrous iron oxidation 253
measurement by electrodes 96
pore water profile 74
Phosphate
adsorption on iron oxides 248f, 255
photometrical determination 102f
pore water profiles 74, 220, 537
release by bacterial activity 221f
sedimentary phosphate cycle 219ff
total flux rates 110, 224
water column profile 208
Phosphorus
32
P 196
authigenic - 255
organic - (→) 255
radioisotopes (
32
P,
33
P) 212f
solid phase profiles 118, 220, 537
species and forms of bonding 219ff
Phosphorite 390, 392
authigenic formation of - 221ff, 536ff
authigenic carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) 220f
Pore water analysis 93ff
dissolved gases 94ff
ex-situ methods 93ff, 225f
flow injection analysis 103f
gas-chromatography 104f
ICP-AES, AAS, ICP-MS 104
in-situ methods 105ff, 223ff
ion-chromatography (HPLC) 104
ion-selective electrodes 104
photometrical determinations 102f
pore water preservation 101f
redox potential and pH-value (→) 96f
voltammetric microelectrode technique 225
Pore water density 30
Pore water extraction
- by centrifugation 99, 226, 434
- by rhizons 99f
- by sediment squeezing 97ff, 434
- under inert gas conditions in a glove box 96
whole core squeezing method 99, 434
Pore water profiles
calculation of fluxes 82ff, 431f
effects of decompression 94
effects of transient heating 225f
general interpretation 87f
quantitative evaluation 82ff
seasonal changes 77f
→ steady state / non-steady state conditions
Pore water sampling 93ff
Porosity (φ φ φ
φ φ) 28ff, 36ff, 113f
by electrical resistivity (galvanic method) 35ff
by electrical resistivity (inductive method) 39ff
by gamma ray attenuation 31ff
in-situ versus ex-situ measurements 68
increased porosity due to gas hydrate formation
499
influence on flux calculations 79ff
interporosity 30
intraporosity 30
relation to tortuosity (→) 82
represented by chloride concentration 118f
Posidonia shales 127, 150
Potassium
solid phase profile 118
Predominance field diagrams 373ff, 519ff
Production
export production 128, 450f
iron as limiting nutrient 243ff, 374
new production 128
paleoproductivity 128ff
primary production 127ff, 429f, 435f
secondary production 429
Prokaryotic organisms
chemolithotrophes 185ff
hyperthermophilic bacteria 179
influence of pressure 179f
in the deep sub-surface 178f
inter-species hydrogen transfer 182, 282
proton motive force 181, 188
psychrophilic bacteria 180
relations to oxygen 184
specific metabolic rate 177f
substrate uptake 177f
thermophilic bacteria 180