Index
568
324, 528, 531ff
→ steady state conditions
North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) 210, 342f, 347,
372, 374, 389, 410
North Pacific Deep Water (NPDW) 372, 374
Nucleic acids 138f
depolymerization 190
→ OM - chemical composition
O
Oil formation 145
Optode technique 109f
Organic carbon
atmospheric input 132f
benthic DOC flux 135f, 349f
benthic TOC content 131ff, 150f, 232, 436ff, 445,
448f, 490
biological cycle 125
burial efficiency 441
burial rate 128ff, 216, 232, 429, 437f, 441, 448
C/N ratio 85, 138, 151, 213, 226, 527
C/N/P ratio 89, 103, 138, 210ff, 322, 328, 445, 522,
541
calculation of the benthic POC input 134ff
cycle 125f, 134ff, 429
fluvial input 133
geological cycle 125
input rates 216
isotopic composition (δ
13
C org ) 347ff
marine vers. terrigenous OM 150f
particle (POC) flux 126ff, 209f, 233, 438ff
rain rate 126ff, 435f
TOC-pyrite relationship (S:C ratio) 149f
total annual PP 128f
→ carbon
Organic geochemical analysis 158ff
bitumen analysis 160f
isotope analysis 159
organic petrography 159f
pyrolysis gas chromatography 159
Rock-Eval pyrolysis 159
sample requirements 158f
Organic matter (OM)
accumulation 126ff
allochthonous OM in marine sediments 132ff
Average Chaine Length (ACL) Index 156f
burial of OM 131f, 129
C/N and C/N/P ratios → organic carbon
chemical composition (compound classes) 138ff
δ
13
C in marine organic matter (→) 151ff, 347ff
δ
15
N in marine OM (→) 355f
degradation (→) 88ff, 151, 178, 184f, 188,
210ff, 247ff, 272ff, 327ff, 353f, 357
formation of fossil OM 144ff
hydrogen index (HI) 151, 159
identification of terrigenous OM 150ff
inertinite 133, 160
mineralization rate 83ff, 216
organic matter flux 128ff, 209
organosulfur compounds 143
preservation 127f, 133ff, 219, 438ff
selective preservation 142ff
sinking velocity of - 130f
terrigenous OM (allochthonous) 131ff, 150f, 350
TEX 86 index 156
total organic carbon 159f
U 37
K' index 154f
→ organic carbon
Organic matter degradation
depolymerization of macromolecules 190
importance of Fe/Mn reactivity 260ff
influence of anoxic conditions 126f
multi-G model 299f
pathways of degradation 189ff
PHREEQC simulation 521ff
preservation potentials of organic compounds
142ff
quantification 134ff
remineralization rates 136
sequence of oxidation / oxidants 89, 137, 181,
192ff, 210, 247, 272ff, 379f
→ aerobic respiration, fermentation, organic matter
Oxidation fronts 379
Oxygen
- consump. related to OM degradation (modeled)
525ff, 529ff
- consumption related to OM degradation 82f
aerobic respiration versus reoxidation processes
213f, 272ff
anoxic conditions 126f, 132, 137f, 143, 150, 221,
254ff, 523
δ
18
O in marine carbonates (→) 343ff
δ
18
O of seawater (→) 341ff
diagentic effects on pore water δ
18
O 345f
diffusion times 175
diffusive uptake rates 230ff
diffusive vers. total flux rates 432f
distribution in the water column 208ff
evolution 171
global benthic consumption 446ff
in-situ measurements 105ff, 223ff
influence of bottom water concentration 230, 448f
modeled pore water profiles 213, 296, 504f
oxygen index 151
oxygen minimum zone 130, 133ff, 244, 372
pore water profiles 83, 91, 108, 112, 115, 176, 213,
231, 244, 296, 540f
penetration depth 91, 94, 109, 194, 207, 212f, 225f,
230f, 532
568
324, 528, 531ff
→ steady state conditions
North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) 210, 342f, 347,
372, 374, 389, 410
North Pacific Deep Water (NPDW) 372, 374
Nucleic acids 138f
depolymerization 190
→ OM - chemical composition
O
Oil formation 145
Optode technique 109f
Organic carbon
atmospheric input 132f
benthic DOC flux 135f, 349f
benthic TOC content 131ff, 150f, 232, 436ff, 445,
448f, 490
biological cycle 125
burial efficiency 441
burial rate 128ff, 216, 232, 429, 437f, 441, 448
C/N ratio 85, 138, 151, 213, 226, 527
C/N/P ratio 89, 103, 138, 210ff, 322, 328, 445, 522,
541
calculation of the benthic POC input 134ff
cycle 125f, 134ff, 429
fluvial input 133
geological cycle 125
input rates 216
isotopic composition (δ
13
C org ) 347ff
marine vers. terrigenous OM 150f
particle (POC) flux 126ff, 209f, 233, 438ff
rain rate 126ff, 435f
TOC-pyrite relationship (S:C ratio) 149f
total annual PP 128f
→ carbon
Organic geochemical analysis 158ff
bitumen analysis 160f
isotope analysis 159
organic petrography 159f
pyrolysis gas chromatography 159
Rock-Eval pyrolysis 159
sample requirements 158f
Organic matter (OM)
accumulation 126ff
allochthonous OM in marine sediments 132ff
Average Chaine Length (ACL) Index 156f
burial of OM 131f, 129
C/N and C/N/P ratios → organic carbon
chemical composition (compound classes) 138ff
δ
13
C in marine organic matter (→) 151ff, 347ff
δ
15
N in marine OM (→) 355f
degradation (→) 88ff, 151, 178, 184f, 188,
210ff, 247ff, 272ff, 327ff, 353f, 357
formation of fossil OM 144ff
hydrogen index (HI) 151, 159
identification of terrigenous OM 150ff
inertinite 133, 160
mineralization rate 83ff, 216
organic matter flux 128ff, 209
organosulfur compounds 143
preservation 127f, 133ff, 219, 438ff
selective preservation 142ff
sinking velocity of - 130f
terrigenous OM (allochthonous) 131ff, 150f, 350
TEX 86 index 156
total organic carbon 159f
U 37
K' index 154f
→ organic carbon
Organic matter degradation
depolymerization of macromolecules 190
importance of Fe/Mn reactivity 260ff
influence of anoxic conditions 126f
multi-G model 299f
pathways of degradation 189ff
PHREEQC simulation 521ff
preservation potentials of organic compounds
142ff
quantification 134ff
remineralization rates 136
sequence of oxidation / oxidants 89, 137, 181,
192ff, 210, 247, 272ff, 379f
→ aerobic respiration, fermentation, organic matter
Oxidation fronts 379
Oxygen
- consump. related to OM degradation (modeled)
525ff, 529ff
- consumption related to OM degradation 82f
aerobic respiration versus reoxidation processes
213f, 272ff
anoxic conditions 126f, 132, 137f, 143, 150, 221,
254ff, 523
δ
18
O in marine carbonates (→) 343ff
δ
18
O of seawater (→) 341ff
diagentic effects on pore water δ
18
O 345f
diffusion times 175
diffusive uptake rates 230ff
diffusive vers. total flux rates 432f
distribution in the water column 208ff
evolution 171
global benthic consumption 446ff
in-situ measurements 105ff, 223ff
influence of bottom water concentration 230, 448f
modeled pore water profiles 213, 296, 504f
oxygen index 151
oxygen minimum zone 130, 133ff, 244, 372
pore water profiles 83, 91, 108, 112, 115, 176, 213,
231, 244, 296, 540f
penetration depth 91, 94, 109, 194, 207, 212f, 225f,
230f, 532