565
Index
concentration in pelagic clay 376
... average shale 376
... seawater 374
concentration in the Vostok ice core 245
deep-sea residence time 375
deposition rates in dust 377
... organic aggregates 377
... red clay 377
dissolved Fe in the water column 374
dissimilatory iron reduction 247f, 254ff
distribution in the water column 244, 374
E H -pH diagram for Fe in deep water 375
eolian input 242ff, 374
Fe/Al ratio 290ff
ferrous iron oxidation 253ff
formation of Fe-bearing aluminosilicates 256f
fluvial input 241f
importance to primary productivity 244ff
in-situ measurements 253ff
in deep-sea sediments 375ff
iron-bound phosphorus 255
→ phosphorus
iron hypothesis 244f
iron mineral reactivity towards sulfide 193, 251ff
iron oxides (→) 248ff
iron reducing bacteria 246ff, 251, 255
iron reduction by HS
-
251ff
iron reduction rates 194f
iron-organic complexes 246
leaching through water/rock interactions 461, 463
magnetite (→)
modeled pore water profiles 540ff
Mössbauer-spectroscopy 248, 251, 264
oxidation with nitrate 170f, 183
particulate Fe in the water column 374
photochemical reduction 243
phototrophic oxidation with CO 2 185
pore water profiles 74, 111, 170, 244, 254, 296, 540f
precipitation from hydrothermal vent fluids 466
predominance field diagram 375
quantification of iron fractions 262ff
radioisotopes (
55
Fe,
59
Fe) 196f
redox cycle 257ff, 543
sheet silicates 246, 248, 251, 253
siderite formation 251, 255f
solid phase profiles 118, 120, 296
solubility in ocean surface water 243
solubility of iron-bearing minerals 263
voltammetric microelectrode technique 225
Iron oxides 246ff
adsorption capacity 248ff
Al(III) substitution 248f
bioavailability 248ff
ferrihydrite (5Fe 2 O 3 ·9H 2 O) (→) 248, 250
formation 254
goethite (α-FeOOH) (→) 248ff
hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ) (→) 248ff
hydroxylation (→) 249
influence on the phosphate cycle 255
lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) 248, 250
maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ) 248
magnetite (Fe
2+
Fe
3+
2
O 4 ) (→) 248f
modeled oxyhydroxide profiles 541f
oxyhydroxide 219ff, 241, 246, 248ff, 371ff
recycling 190ff
reduction by H 2 S 285ff
reductive dissolution 251ff
reduction rates 194
sequence of biological availability 249
specific surface area 250f
Iron sulfides
authigenic iron sulfides 287
diagenetic enrichment 287, 290ff
formation 285ff
isotopic composition (δ
34
S) 356ff, 359f
pyrite (FeS 2 ) (→) 285ff, 359f
reoxidation 293ff
→ dissimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfide
Isotopic fractionation (principles) 339f
ε-value 340
fractination factor (α) 340
K
Kaolinite 2, 5ff, 19f, 38
global distribution 20
→ clay minerals
Kerogen 139, 142, 144ff, 160
Kriging 442f, 445ff
clustering 445
variogram analysis 442f
L
Lead
210
Pb 116, 136, 195, 258f, 403
isotope ratios 407
Lignin 139
→ OM - chemical composition
Lithogenous sediments 2ff
dust (→) 4
fluvial input 2
glacio-marine sedimentation 4, 16f, 19
ice rafted detritus (IRD) 4
mineral composition 2, 5ff
suspension load 2f
volcaniclastic material 5, 7, 14
Lysocline 326ff
effect on δ
13
C in marine carbonates 352
effect on δ
18
O in marine carbonates 345
Index
concentration in pelagic clay 376
... average shale 376
... seawater 374
concentration in the Vostok ice core 245
deep-sea residence time 375
deposition rates in dust 377
... organic aggregates 377
... red clay 377
dissolved Fe in the water column 374
dissimilatory iron reduction 247f, 254ff
distribution in the water column 244, 374
E H -pH diagram for Fe in deep water 375
eolian input 242ff, 374
Fe/Al ratio 290ff
ferrous iron oxidation 253ff
formation of Fe-bearing aluminosilicates 256f
fluvial input 241f
importance to primary productivity 244ff
in-situ measurements 253ff
in deep-sea sediments 375ff
iron-bound phosphorus 255
→ phosphorus
iron hypothesis 244f
iron mineral reactivity towards sulfide 193, 251ff
iron oxides (→) 248ff
iron reducing bacteria 246ff, 251, 255
iron reduction by HS
-
251ff
iron reduction rates 194f
iron-organic complexes 246
leaching through water/rock interactions 461, 463
magnetite (→)
modeled pore water profiles 540ff
Mössbauer-spectroscopy 248, 251, 264
oxidation with nitrate 170f, 183
particulate Fe in the water column 374
photochemical reduction 243
phototrophic oxidation with CO 2 185
pore water profiles 74, 111, 170, 244, 254, 296, 540f
precipitation from hydrothermal vent fluids 466
predominance field diagram 375
quantification of iron fractions 262ff
radioisotopes (
55
Fe,
59
Fe) 196f
redox cycle 257ff, 543
sheet silicates 246, 248, 251, 253
siderite formation 251, 255f
solid phase profiles 118, 120, 296
solubility in ocean surface water 243
solubility of iron-bearing minerals 263
voltammetric microelectrode technique 225
Iron oxides 246ff
adsorption capacity 248ff
Al(III) substitution 248f
bioavailability 248ff
ferrihydrite (5Fe 2 O 3 ·9H 2 O) (→) 248, 250
formation 254
goethite (α-FeOOH) (→) 248ff
hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ) (→) 248ff
hydroxylation (→) 249
influence on the phosphate cycle 255
lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) 248, 250
maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ) 248
magnetite (Fe
2+
Fe
3+
2
O 4 ) (→) 248f
modeled oxyhydroxide profiles 541f
oxyhydroxide 219ff, 241, 246, 248ff, 371ff
recycling 190ff
reduction by H 2 S 285ff
reductive dissolution 251ff
reduction rates 194
sequence of biological availability 249
specific surface area 250f
Iron sulfides
authigenic iron sulfides 287
diagenetic enrichment 287, 290ff
formation 285ff
isotopic composition (δ
34
S) 356ff, 359f
pyrite (FeS 2 ) (→) 285ff, 359f
reoxidation 293ff
→ dissimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfide
Isotopic fractionation (principles) 339f
ε-value 340
fractination factor (α) 340
K
Kaolinite 2, 5ff, 19f, 38
global distribution 20
→ clay minerals
Kerogen 139, 142, 144ff, 160
Kriging 442f, 445ff
clustering 445
variogram analysis 442f
L
Lead
210
Pb 116, 136, 195, 258f, 403
isotope ratios 407
Lignin 139
→ OM - chemical composition
Lithogenous sediments 2ff
dust (→) 4
fluvial input 2
glacio-marine sedimentation 4, 16f, 19
ice rafted detritus (IRD) 4
mineral composition 2, 5ff
suspension load 2f
volcaniclastic material 5, 7, 14
Lysocline 326ff
effect on δ
13
C in marine carbonates 352
effect on δ
18
O in marine carbonates 345