Index
564
stability and phase boundaries 473, 484f
→ chloride, hydrocarbons, methane
water isotope anomalies 502f
General diagenetic equation 524
Geochemical models 513ff
charge balance 522
diffusion-diagenesis models 195
importance of activity coeff. and complexes 514
numerical solutions for diagenetic models 524ff
‘press-F9-method’ (spreadsheet models) 525ff
two-step method (operator splitting) 530, 533f,
537, 538
two-step models 538ff
WATEQ-family 513f, 517
zero-dimensional geochemical models 513f
→ computer models
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) 430, 443ff
Geothermal Gradient (oceanic) 489
Glycolysis 188
→ OM degradation, fermentation
Goethite (α α α
α α-FeOOH)
Al(III) substitution 248f
dissimilatory reduction 250
specific surface area 248, 250
→ iron oxides
Grain density (ρ ρ ρ
ρ ρ g ) 31, 34f, 37ff
Grain size distribution 42, 51
Greigite (Fe 3 S 4 ) 286, 287, 291, 293
diagenetic enrichment 287, 290, 292
→ iron sulfides
H
Halocline 127
Helium
3
He enrichments in vent fluids 468f
hydrothermal He plums 396
Helium gas pycnometer 30
Hematite (α α α
α α-Fe 2 O 3 )
Al(III) substitution 248f
specific surface area 250
→ iron oxides
Hydrocarbons 482ff
catagenesis 489
→ gas hydrates, methane
Hydrogen
3
H 196f
H/C ratios 145f
hydrogen index (HI) 151, 159
isotope signature 151ff, 489
transformation 181ff
→ gas hydrates, methane
Hydrogenous sediments 10
Hydrothermal convection systems 459ff
effect on authigenic mineral composition
10, 257, 460
evolution 462
global distribution 458
hydrothermal plume 463f
hyperthermophilic bacteria 180
influence on the sedimentary elemental
composition 377
megaplumes 462
residence time of seawater 460
subcritical boiling 466
thermophilic bacteria 180
Hydrothermal mounds 463
Hydrothermal vent fluids
chemical composition 459ff, 467ff
concentration of rare earth elements 470
concentrations of trace elements 467, 468ff
total discharge 457
leaching processes 461, 463
P-T diagram 466
phase separation 466, 469
physical and chemical conversion of seawater 459
Hydroxylation of mineral surfaces 248f
pH dependence 249
I
Illite 6–7
global distribution 20ff
conversion from smectite 498f
→ clay minerals
In-situ measurements 105ff
benthic lander systems 105ff, 171, 223f
incubation experiments 105, 110f, 171, 193, 196, 257
microelectrodes 106, 107ff, 111, 114, 223
optodes 109f, 223, 231
peepers, dialysis, and thin film techniques
111f
planar optode 110, 171, 223, 231
Inner Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) 243
Inhibitors for reactions 198ff, 227f
Inorganic carbon
benthic release 327ff
→ carbon, carbon dioxid
Ion activity product (IAP) 514
Iron
55
Fe 196f
benthic cycle 543
benthic fluxes by model calculations 543
colorimetrical analysis of ferrous iron 262, 264
564
stability and phase boundaries 473, 484f
→ chloride, hydrocarbons, methane
water isotope anomalies 502f
General diagenetic equation 524
Geochemical models 513ff
charge balance 522
diffusion-diagenesis models 195
importance of activity coeff. and complexes 514
numerical solutions for diagenetic models 524ff
‘press-F9-method’ (spreadsheet models) 525ff
two-step method (operator splitting) 530, 533f,
537, 538
two-step models 538ff
WATEQ-family 513f, 517
zero-dimensional geochemical models 513f
→ computer models
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) 430, 443ff
Geothermal Gradient (oceanic) 489
Glycolysis 188
→ OM degradation, fermentation
Goethite (α α α
α α-FeOOH)
Al(III) substitution 248f
dissimilatory reduction 250
specific surface area 248, 250
→ iron oxides
Grain density (ρ ρ ρ
ρ ρ g ) 31, 34f, 37ff
Grain size distribution 42, 51
Greigite (Fe 3 S 4 ) 286, 287, 291, 293
diagenetic enrichment 287, 290, 292
→ iron sulfides
H
Halocline 127
Helium
3
He enrichments in vent fluids 468f
hydrothermal He plums 396
Helium gas pycnometer 30
Hematite (α α α
α α-Fe 2 O 3 )
Al(III) substitution 248f
specific surface area 250
→ iron oxides
Hydrocarbons 482ff
catagenesis 489
→ gas hydrates, methane
Hydrogen
3
H 196f
H/C ratios 145f
hydrogen index (HI) 151, 159
isotope signature 151ff, 489
transformation 181ff
→ gas hydrates, methane
Hydrogenous sediments 10
Hydrothermal convection systems 459ff
effect on authigenic mineral composition
10, 257, 460
evolution 462
global distribution 458
hydrothermal plume 463f
hyperthermophilic bacteria 180
influence on the sedimentary elemental
composition 377
megaplumes 462
residence time of seawater 460
subcritical boiling 466
thermophilic bacteria 180
Hydrothermal mounds 463
Hydrothermal vent fluids
chemical composition 459ff, 467ff
concentration of rare earth elements 470
concentrations of trace elements 467, 468ff
total discharge 457
leaching processes 461, 463
P-T diagram 466
phase separation 466, 469
physical and chemical conversion of seawater 459
Hydroxylation of mineral surfaces 248f
pH dependence 249
I
Illite 6–7
global distribution 20ff
conversion from smectite 498f
→ clay minerals
In-situ measurements 105ff
benthic lander systems 105ff, 171, 223f
incubation experiments 105, 110f, 171, 193, 196, 257
microelectrodes 106, 107ff, 111, 114, 223
optodes 109f, 223, 231
peepers, dialysis, and thin film techniques
111f
planar optode 110, 171, 223, 231
Inner Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) 243
Inhibitors for reactions 198ff, 227f
Inorganic carbon
benthic release 327ff
→ carbon, carbon dioxid
Ion activity product (IAP) 514
Iron
55
Fe 196f
benthic cycle 543
benthic fluxes by model calculations 543
colorimetrical analysis of ferrous iron 262, 264