563
Index
→ alkalinity
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) 190
Dust 4, 133
atmospheric input 4
eolian transport 4
E
E H -value → redox potential
Electrical resistivity of sediments (R) 35ff, 67f, 79ff
galvanic method 35ff
inductive method 39ff
temperature dependency 68
Energy metabolism
definitions 184f
types with representative organisms 185
Eolian dust transport 4f, 14, 19, 241, 371f, 374f, 377,
430
Equatorial Atlantic 23, 170, 231, 243, 329, 379, 445
Equatorial Pacific 23, 93, 153, 198, 224f, 244f, 251,
257, 345, 352, 356, 361f, 378f, 390, 410, 446
Equilibrium constant (K) 317, 318ff, 320ff, 542
pressure dependency 318
temperature dependency 318
Ethane 483f
→ gas hydrates
Export production → production
Extraction procedures 93ff, 117ff, 160, 221, 225f, 253f,
262ff
F
Fecal pellets 131, 435
content 131
degradation 131
mineralization 131
sinking velocity 130f
Fermentation 181, 187f
→ aerobic respiration, OM degradation, methane
Ferrihydrite (5 Fe 2 O 3 · 9 H 2 O)
specific surface area 248, 250, 251f, 255
→ iron oxides
Ferromanganese concretions 380ff
→ manganese nodules
diagenetic formed 380
elemental composition 384, 390, 393
hydrogenous formed 380
hydrothermal formed 380
mineralogical composition 398ff
Ferrous iron oxidation 461
abiotic oxidation 246, 254f
by MnO 2 253ff, 294ff
by nitrate 169f, 253ff
by oxygen 181f, 253ff
microbial anaerobic oxidation 254
→ iron
Fick's laws of diffusion 79ff, 87f
analytical solution 87f
analytical solutions 523f
error function (erfc(a)) 87f
combined with advection and reactions 524
numerical solutions 529f
→ molecular diffusion
First order reaction kinetics 524
Fluffy layer 434
Fluid venting
cold seeps 457f
flow rates 472
transport mechanisms 490ff
→ gas hydrates
Fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) 173
Fluoride
determination by ion-selective electrodes 104
pore water profile 74
Fluvial / riverine input 4, 26, 19f, 207, 241ff, 245, 271,
315, 357, 407, 430
Focusing 22, 439, 446
Formation factor (F) 36ff, 40, 68, 79, 82, 540
Free energy (G) 181ff
endergonic processes 182, 189
exergonic processes 182f, 189
Froelich-model 89
→ OM degradation - sequence of oxidation / oxidants
G
Gamma ray attenuation 31ff
Gas ebullition 490f
→ gas hydrates
Gas hydrates 179f, 280f, 284f, 289, 473, 481ff
chloride anomalies 495ff
clathrates 482f
climate change 500f
crystal structures 482f
bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) 487ff
density 485
formation and dissociation 490ff
gas hydrate carbonates (clathrites) 503f
gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) 485f
gas hydrate occuring zone (GHOZ) 486f
occurence 485ff
Index
→ alkalinity
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) 190
Dust 4, 133
atmospheric input 4
eolian transport 4
E
E H -value → redox potential
Electrical resistivity of sediments (R) 35ff, 67f, 79ff
galvanic method 35ff
inductive method 39ff
temperature dependency 68
Energy metabolism
definitions 184f
types with representative organisms 185
Eolian dust transport 4f, 14, 19, 241, 371f, 374f, 377,
430
Equatorial Atlantic 23, 170, 231, 243, 329, 379, 445
Equatorial Pacific 23, 93, 153, 198, 224f, 244f, 251,
257, 345, 352, 356, 361f, 378f, 390, 410, 446
Equilibrium constant (K) 317, 318ff, 320ff, 542
pressure dependency 318
temperature dependency 318
Ethane 483f
→ gas hydrates
Export production → production
Extraction procedures 93ff, 117ff, 160, 221, 225f, 253f,
262ff
F
Fecal pellets 131, 435
content 131
degradation 131
mineralization 131
sinking velocity 130f
Fermentation 181, 187f
→ aerobic respiration, OM degradation, methane
Ferrihydrite (5 Fe 2 O 3 · 9 H 2 O)
specific surface area 248, 250, 251f, 255
→ iron oxides
Ferromanganese concretions 380ff
→ manganese nodules
diagenetic formed 380
elemental composition 384, 390, 393
hydrogenous formed 380
hydrothermal formed 380
mineralogical composition 398ff
Ferrous iron oxidation 461
abiotic oxidation 246, 254f
by MnO 2 253ff, 294ff
by nitrate 169f, 253ff
by oxygen 181f, 253ff
microbial anaerobic oxidation 254
→ iron
Fick's laws of diffusion 79ff, 87f
analytical solution 87f
analytical solutions 523f
error function (erfc(a)) 87f
combined with advection and reactions 524
numerical solutions 529f
→ molecular diffusion
First order reaction kinetics 524
Fluffy layer 434
Fluid venting
cold seeps 457f
flow rates 472
transport mechanisms 490ff
→ gas hydrates
Fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) 173
Fluoride
determination by ion-selective electrodes 104
pore water profile 74
Fluvial / riverine input 4, 26, 19f, 207, 241ff, 245, 271,
315, 357, 407, 430
Focusing 22, 439, 446
Formation factor (F) 36ff, 40, 68, 79, 82, 540
Free energy (G) 181ff
endergonic processes 182, 189
exergonic processes 182f, 189
Froelich-model 89
→ OM degradation - sequence of oxidation / oxidants
G
Gamma ray attenuation 31ff
Gas ebullition 490f
→ gas hydrates
Gas hydrates 179f, 280f, 284f, 289, 473, 481ff
chloride anomalies 495ff
clathrates 482f
climate change 500f
crystal structures 482f
bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) 487ff
density 485
formation and dissociation 490ff
gas hydrate carbonates (clathrites) 503f
gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) 485f
gas hydrate occuring zone (GHOZ) 486f
occurence 485ff