Index
562
STEADYSED1 524, 540ff
Copper
concentration in pelagic clay 376
... average shale 376
... seawater 339, 375
deep-sea residence time 375
deposition rates in dust 377
... organic aggregates 377
... red clay 377
E H -pH diagram for the deep sea 392
geochemical behavior in red clays 376
predominance field diagram 391f
Cutin 139f
→ OM - chemical composition
Cyanobacteria 140, 185f
D
δ
δ δ
δ δ
13
C in inorganic carbon (IC)
interannual variation 153
→ organic geochemical analysis
δ
δ δ
δ δ
13
C in marine carbonates 351ff
effects of carbonate dissolution and precipitation
352f
Mackensen effect 351
metabolic and kinetic effects on fractionation 351f
→ calcium carbonate, organic geochemical analysis
δ
δ δ
δ δ
13
C in marine organic matter 151ff, 347ff
control parameters 152ff, 348ff
effects of diagenesis 350f
→ organic geochemical analysis
δ
δ δ
δ δ
13
C of methane 488f
δ
δ δ
δ δ
13
C Σ
Σ Σ
Σ ΣCO2
of Seawater 346f
historical variability 347
influence of air-sea gas exchange 346f
influence of OM degradation 346
influence of photosynthesis 346f
→ organic geochemical analysis
δ
δ δ
δ δ
15
N in marine ecosystems 353f
kinetic fractionation effects 353f
→ organic geochemical analysis
δ
δ δ
δ δ
15
N in marine organic matter 355f
effects of diagenesis 356
principles of fractionation 355f
→ organic geochemical analysis
δ
δ δ
δ δ
18
O in marine carbonates (δ δ δ
δ δ
18
O c ) 155, 343ff
δ
18
O w correction 343
effects of diagenesis 345f
influence of carbonate-ion concentration 343ff
temperature dependency 343
vital effect 345
→ organic geochemical analysis
δ
δ δ
δ δ
18
O of authigenic minerals 257
δ
δ δ
δ δ
18
O of seawater (δ δ δ
δ δ
18
O w ) 341ff
historical variability 342f
salinity effect 341f
→ organic geochemical analysis
δ
δ δ
δ δ
34
S in marine sediments 359f
evaporites 359
pyrite (FeS 2 ) (→) 359f
→ iron sulfides, sulfur, org.geochem.analysis
δ
δ δ
δ δ
34
S of seawater and pore waters 356ff
historical variability 171, 358f
→ dissimilatory sulfate red., org. geochem. analysis
δ
δ δ
δ δD of pore waters 489, 502f
→ gas hydrates, methane
Darcy equation 114
Deep-sea sediments 13–16
biogenic ooze 14
classification 14
hemipelagic sediments 14
red clay 13f
Degradation Index (DI) 218
Denitrification 210ff, 226ff, 229f, 254, 353f
15
N-methods 197f
denitrifying bacteria (→ prokaryotic organisms) 188,
226
fractionation effect on δ
15
N 353
inhibitor (C 2 H 2 ) method 199f
methods of measuring 226ff
modeling 521ff, 525ff, 541, 544
prerequisites for 212
quantification of rates 226ff
→ nitrate, nitrification
Deuterium (D) 502f
Diffusive boundary layer (DBL) 108, 175f, 253, 431
Diffusive fluxes 77ff
→ Ficks´s laws of diffusion, molecular diffusion
Dissimilatory sulfate reduction 149f, 272ff
determination by
35
SO 4
2techniques 198, 298ff
determination of net rates 299f
effect on barite stability 288f
effect on isotopic fractionation 356ff
effect on magnetite stability 285, 288f
effects on solid phase profiles 285ff
inhibitor (MoO 4
2) method 198f
sulfate reduction index (SRI) 150
sulfate reduction rates (SRR) 196ff, 274f, 275ff, 298ff
temperature dependence of SRR 179f
→ sulfate, sulfide
Dissolution rate constant (k d ) 329
Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC)
pore water profile 195
562
STEADYSED1 524, 540ff
Copper
concentration in pelagic clay 376
... average shale 376
... seawater 339, 375
deep-sea residence time 375
deposition rates in dust 377
... organic aggregates 377
... red clay 377
E H -pH diagram for the deep sea 392
geochemical behavior in red clays 376
predominance field diagram 391f
Cutin 139f
→ OM - chemical composition
Cyanobacteria 140, 185f
D
δ
δ δ
δ δ
13
C in inorganic carbon (IC)
interannual variation 153
→ organic geochemical analysis
δ
δ δ
δ δ
13
C in marine carbonates 351ff
effects of carbonate dissolution and precipitation
352f
Mackensen effect 351
metabolic and kinetic effects on fractionation 351f
→ calcium carbonate, organic geochemical analysis
δ
δ δ
δ δ
13
C in marine organic matter 151ff, 347ff
control parameters 152ff, 348ff
effects of diagenesis 350f
→ organic geochemical analysis
δ
δ δ
δ δ
13
C of methane 488f
δ
δ δ
δ δ
13
C Σ
Σ Σ
Σ ΣCO2
of Seawater 346f
historical variability 347
influence of air-sea gas exchange 346f
influence of OM degradation 346
influence of photosynthesis 346f
→ organic geochemical analysis
δ
δ δ
δ δ
15
N in marine ecosystems 353f
kinetic fractionation effects 353f
→ organic geochemical analysis
δ
δ δ
δ δ
15
N in marine organic matter 355f
effects of diagenesis 356
principles of fractionation 355f
→ organic geochemical analysis
δ
δ δ
δ δ
18
O in marine carbonates (δ δ δ
δ δ
18
O c ) 155, 343ff
δ
18
O w correction 343
effects of diagenesis 345f
influence of carbonate-ion concentration 343ff
temperature dependency 343
vital effect 345
→ organic geochemical analysis
δ
δ δ
δ δ
18
O of authigenic minerals 257
δ
δ δ
δ δ
18
O of seawater (δ δ δ
δ δ
18
O w ) 341ff
historical variability 342f
salinity effect 341f
→ organic geochemical analysis
δ
δ δ
δ δ
34
S in marine sediments 359f
evaporites 359
pyrite (FeS 2 ) (→) 359f
→ iron sulfides, sulfur, org.geochem.analysis
δ
δ δ
δ δ
34
S of seawater and pore waters 356ff
historical variability 171, 358f
→ dissimilatory sulfate red., org. geochem. analysis
δ
δ δ
δ δD of pore waters 489, 502f
→ gas hydrates, methane
Darcy equation 114
Deep-sea sediments 13–16
biogenic ooze 14
classification 14
hemipelagic sediments 14
red clay 13f
Degradation Index (DI) 218
Denitrification 210ff, 226ff, 229f, 254, 353f
15
N-methods 197f
denitrifying bacteria (→ prokaryotic organisms) 188,
226
fractionation effect on δ
15
N 353
inhibitor (C 2 H 2 ) method 199f
methods of measuring 226ff
modeling 521ff, 525ff, 541, 544
prerequisites for 212
quantification of rates 226ff
→ nitrate, nitrification
Deuterium (D) 502f
Diffusive boundary layer (DBL) 108, 175f, 253, 431
Diffusive fluxes 77ff
→ Ficks´s laws of diffusion, molecular diffusion
Dissimilatory sulfate reduction 149f, 272ff
determination by
35
SO 4
2techniques 198, 298ff
determination of net rates 299f
effect on barite stability 288f
effect on isotopic fractionation 356ff
effect on magnetite stability 285, 288f
effects on solid phase profiles 285ff
inhibitor (MoO 4
2) method 198f
sulfate reduction index (SRI) 150
sulfate reduction rates (SRR) 196ff, 274f, 275ff, 298ff
temperature dependence of SRR 179f
→ sulfate, sulfide
Dissolution rate constant (k d ) 329
Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC)
pore water profile 195