Index
560
sample resolution 432
seasonal variation 78f, 233, 433f
total transport 223ff, 431ff
Benthic transport mechanisms 431ff
advection 112ff, 195, 256ff
bioirrigation (→) 112ff, 195, 256ff, 430ff, 543ff
bioturbation 112ff, 195, 256ff, 430f, 441, 540ff
molecular diffusion (→) 79ff, 87f, 195f, 256ff, 430ff,
523f
Beryllium
10
Be dating method 401ff
Biodiffusion
→ bioirrigation, bioturbation
Bioerosion 10
Biogenic silicate (biog. opal) 10, 440f
accumulation 446
benthic recycling rate 444, 445ff
benthic release 444ff
density 38
dissolution 10, 440f
importance to authigenic clay mineral formation
256f
physical properties 67
siliceous ooze 14
solubility 446
Biogenous sediments 8ff
classification 52ff
distribution on continental shelves 16f
major groups of marine organisms 9
P-wave velocity and attenuation 54ff
Biogeochemical provinces 435ff, 442ff, 445ff, 452
Bioirrigation 112ff, 195, 256ff, 430ff, 543ff
Biological catalysation of reactions 169ff
Biomarkers (marine) 133, 138, 146ff
taxonomic significance 147
→ OM - chemical composition, terrestrial biomarkers
Biopolymers (insoluble, nonhydrolyzable highly
aliphatic) 138ff
selective preservation 143f
Biot-Stoll Model 29, 44ff
Bioturbation 112ff, 195, 256ff, 430f, 441, 540ff, 543ff
(biodiffusion)-coefficient (D b ) 216, 258f, 253, 437
as correlated with SR 115f
determination by radioactive isotopes 116,
196, 258f
influence of geochemical conditions 212f, 277,
359, 513f
influence on solid phase profiles 259f
Birnessite 398
Bitumen 144ff, 150
analysis 160f
Black shales 126ff, 130, 132f, 135, 241, 358
Black smokers and massive sulfide mounds 457ff
growth rates of chimneys 463ff
hydrothermal recrystallization 465
sequence of mineral precipitation 463
→ white smokers
Boron
fractionation in seawater 360
δ
11
B in marine carbonates 361
δ
11
B in sea and pore waters 360
application as paleo-pH proxy 361f
Bottom-simulating-reflector (BSR)
→ gas hydrates
Boudreau's law 79ff, 87f, 524
Brines 459, 466ff, 496, 501
Bromine
solid phase profile 118
Burial rate 135f, 216, 260, 437ff
Buserite 398
Butane 483f
→ gas hydrates
C
C3 / C4 / CAM plants 152ff, 348
Calcareous ooze 10, 14
mean grain size 51
pelagic distribution 18f
physical properties 67
Calcite-carbonate-equilibrium 317ff, 325, 352f
analytical solution 319f
Calcite Compensation Depth (CCD) 13, 17f, 22f, 311
Calcium
influence of decompression in pore water conc. 97
leaching through water/rock interactions 461
pore water profile 74
solid phase profile 118
Calcium carbonate
accumulation rates 315f, 324, 446, 447f, 450f
acicular aragonite 8f
benthic precipitation 351
budget calculations 325ff
calcareous ooids 8f
Calcite Compensation Depth (CCD) 13, 17ff, 311f,
385, 388, 390, 403, 442
carbonate platforms 312f
carbonate-secreting organisms 9
continental shelves 313ff
560
sample resolution 432
seasonal variation 78f, 233, 433f
total transport 223ff, 431ff
Benthic transport mechanisms 431ff
advection 112ff, 195, 256ff
bioirrigation (→) 112ff, 195, 256ff, 430ff, 543ff
bioturbation 112ff, 195, 256ff, 430f, 441, 540ff
molecular diffusion (→) 79ff, 87f, 195f, 256ff, 430ff,
523f
Beryllium
10
Be dating method 401ff
Biodiffusion
→ bioirrigation, bioturbation
Bioerosion 10
Biogenic silicate (biog. opal) 10, 440f
accumulation 446
benthic recycling rate 444, 445ff
benthic release 444ff
density 38
dissolution 10, 440f
importance to authigenic clay mineral formation
256f
physical properties 67
siliceous ooze 14
solubility 446
Biogenous sediments 8ff
classification 52ff
distribution on continental shelves 16f
major groups of marine organisms 9
P-wave velocity and attenuation 54ff
Biogeochemical provinces 435ff, 442ff, 445ff, 452
Bioirrigation 112ff, 195, 256ff, 430ff, 543ff
Biological catalysation of reactions 169ff
Biomarkers (marine) 133, 138, 146ff
taxonomic significance 147
→ OM - chemical composition, terrestrial biomarkers
Biopolymers (insoluble, nonhydrolyzable highly
aliphatic) 138ff
selective preservation 143f
Biot-Stoll Model 29, 44ff
Bioturbation 112ff, 195, 256ff, 430f, 441, 540ff, 543ff
(biodiffusion)-coefficient (D b ) 216, 258f, 253, 437
as correlated with SR 115f
determination by radioactive isotopes 116,
196, 258f
influence of geochemical conditions 212f, 277,
359, 513f
influence on solid phase profiles 259f
Birnessite 398
Bitumen 144ff, 150
analysis 160f
Black shales 126ff, 130, 132f, 135, 241, 358
Black smokers and massive sulfide mounds 457ff
growth rates of chimneys 463ff
hydrothermal recrystallization 465
sequence of mineral precipitation 463
→ white smokers
Boron
fractionation in seawater 360
δ
11
B in marine carbonates 361
δ
11
B in sea and pore waters 360
application as paleo-pH proxy 361f
Bottom-simulating-reflector (BSR)
→ gas hydrates
Boudreau's law 79ff, 87f, 524
Brines 459, 466ff, 496, 501
Bromine
solid phase profile 118
Burial rate 135f, 216, 260, 437ff
Buserite 398
Butane 483f
→ gas hydrates
C
C3 / C4 / CAM plants 152ff, 348
Calcareous ooze 10, 14
mean grain size 51
pelagic distribution 18f
physical properties 67
Calcite-carbonate-equilibrium 317ff, 325, 352f
analytical solution 319f
Calcite Compensation Depth (CCD) 13, 17f, 22f, 311
Calcium
influence of decompression in pore water conc. 97
leaching through water/rock interactions 461
pore water profile 74
solid phase profile 118
Calcium carbonate
accumulation rates 315f, 324, 446, 447f, 450f
acicular aragonite 8f
benthic precipitation 351
budget calculations 325ff
calcareous ooids 8f
Calcite Compensation Depth (CCD) 13, 17ff, 311f,
385, 388, 390, 403, 442
carbonate platforms 312f
carbonate-secreting organisms 9
continental shelves 313ff