559
Index
Index
A
Absolute isotope ratios 341
Acetate 488f
Activity
activity coefficients (γ) 318ff, 523f
calculation 514ff
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 181f, 186ff, 199, 222,
282
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) 187, 222
Advection 112ff, 195, 209, 256ff, 472, 490, 530, 538
as term in Fick's second law 524f
of sediment 114f
→ fluid venting
Aerobic respiration
electron transport chain 188ff
→ OM degradation, fermentation
Alkalinity
benthic flux 328f
determination 102ff
distribution in the water column 208f, 315ff
influence of decompression on pore water conc. 93
modelling pore water conc. profiles 533f
pore water profiles 74, 534
product of AOM 506 (→ methane)
total flux measurements 110
total flux rates 110, 224
water column profiles 317
Aluminosilicates
authigenic formation 256f
Aluminum
solid phase profiles 118
Ammonia
15
N-labelled ammonia 218
ammonification 217, 353
bacterial oxidation 212, 217ff
deamination 353
oxidation by MnO 2 229f
release 151, 212ff
→ nitrate reduction, - respiration
Ammonium
aerobic oxidation (→ nitrification)
adsorption 542
anaerobic oxidation with nitrate (→ anammox)
determination 102ff
incorporation in the lattice of minerals 356
modeled pore water profiles 541
reoxidation 213f
Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM)
→ mathane, sulfate
→ secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)
Anaerobic mineralization 190ff
Anammox 217f, 353
Anhydrite (CaSO 4 )
ion activity product (IAP) 514
precipitation through hydrothermal venting 460ff
saturation index (SI) 518
→ black smokers, hydrothermal convection systems
Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) 371, 381, 388ff,
403f, 408ff, 446
Antarctic Circumpolar Current 19, 23
Antarctic Intermediate Water (AIW) 19, 23
Apparent constants 317f
Aragonite 503f
δ
18
O values 504
→ gas hydrates, carbonates
Archaea → methanogens
Archie's law 29, 82
B
Back-arc spreading centers 491
Banded Iron Formations 241, 254
Barite (BaSO 4 )
crusts in areas of subduction venting 473
influence by sulfate reduction 288f, 473
Barium
concentration in pelagic clay 376
... average shale 376
deposition rates in dust 377
... organic aggregates 377
... red clay 377
pore water profiles 74, 288
solid phase profile 118
Beggiatoa 187, 214f, 294, 298, 506
Benthic flux measurements
concentration gradient 79, 82ff, 431f
diffusive transport 77ff, 223, 431ff
Fit-functions 432
in-situ versus ex-situ 91ff, 225f, 433
microniches / -environment (→) 433f
Index
Index
A
Absolute isotope ratios 341
Acetate 488f
Activity
activity coefficients (γ) 318ff, 523f
calculation 514ff
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 181f, 186ff, 199, 222,
282
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) 187, 222
Advection 112ff, 195, 209, 256ff, 472, 490, 530, 538
as term in Fick's second law 524f
of sediment 114f
→ fluid venting
Aerobic respiration
electron transport chain 188ff
→ OM degradation, fermentation
Alkalinity
benthic flux 328f
determination 102ff
distribution in the water column 208f, 315ff
influence of decompression on pore water conc. 93
modelling pore water conc. profiles 533f
pore water profiles 74, 534
product of AOM 506 (→ methane)
total flux measurements 110
total flux rates 110, 224
water column profiles 317
Aluminosilicates
authigenic formation 256f
Aluminum
solid phase profiles 118
Ammonia
15
N-labelled ammonia 218
ammonification 217, 353
bacterial oxidation 212, 217ff
deamination 353
oxidation by MnO 2 229f
release 151, 212ff
→ nitrate reduction, - respiration
Ammonium
aerobic oxidation (→ nitrification)
adsorption 542
anaerobic oxidation with nitrate (→ anammox)
determination 102ff
incorporation in the lattice of minerals 356
modeled pore water profiles 541
reoxidation 213f
Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM)
→ mathane, sulfate
→ secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)
Anaerobic mineralization 190ff
Anammox 217f, 353
Anhydrite (CaSO 4 )
ion activity product (IAP) 514
precipitation through hydrothermal venting 460ff
saturation index (SI) 518
→ black smokers, hydrothermal convection systems
Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) 371, 381, 388ff,
403f, 408ff, 446
Antarctic Circumpolar Current 19, 23
Antarctic Intermediate Water (AIW) 19, 23
Apparent constants 317f
Aragonite 503f
δ
18
O values 504
→ gas hydrates, carbonates
Archaea → methanogens
Archie's law 29, 82
B
Back-arc spreading centers 491
Banded Iron Formations 241, 254
Barite (BaSO 4 )
crusts in areas of subduction venting 473
influence by sulfate reduction 288f, 473
Barium
concentration in pelagic clay 376
... average shale 376
deposition rates in dust 377
... organic aggregates 377
... red clay 377
pore water profiles 74, 288
solid phase profile 118
Beggiatoa 187, 214f, 294, 298, 506
Benthic flux measurements
concentration gradient 79, 82ff, 431f
diffusive transport 77ff, 223, 431ff
Fit-functions 432
in-situ versus ex-situ 91ff, 225f, 433
microniches / -environment (→) 433f