14 Gas Hydrates in Marine Sediments
510
sections of terrigenous continental margins: Earth and
Planetary Science Letters, 55: 453-462.
Hesse, R., Lebel, J., and Gieskes, J.M., 1985. Intersitial
water chemistry of gas-hydrate bearing sections on
the Middle America trench slope, DSDP Leg 84, in
von Huene, R., and Aubouin, J., eds., Inital Reports of
DSDP, Volume 84: Washington, U.S. Governmental
Printing Office, p. 727-737.
Hesse, R., 2003. Pore water anomalies of submarine gashydrate zones as tool to assess hydrate abundance and
distribution in the subsurface - what have we learned
in the past decade. Earth-Science Reviews, 61: 149179.
Hyndman, R.D., and Spence, G.D., 1992. A seismic study
of methane hydrate marine bottom-simulating reflectors. Journal Geophys. Res, (97): 6683-6698.
Iversen, N., Jørgensen, B.B. 1985. Anaerobic methane
oxidation rates at the sulfate-methane transition in
marine sediments from Kattegat and Skagerrak
(Denmark). Limnology & Oceanography 30 (5):
944-955.
Joye, S.B., Boetius, A., Orcutt, B.N., Montoya, J.P., Schulz,
H.N., Erickson, M.J., and Lugo, S.K. 2004. The
anaerobic oxidation of methane and sulfate reduction in
sediments from Gulf of Mexico cold seeps. Chemical
Geology 205: 219-238
Kastner, M., Elderfield, H., and Martin, J.B., 1991. Fluids
in convergent margins: what do we know about their
composition, origin, role in diagenesis and
importance for oceanic chemical fluxes: Phil. Trans.
R. Soc. London A, 335: 243-259.
Kastner, M., Kvenvolden, K.A., and Lorenson, T.D.,
1998. Chemistry, isotopic composition, and origin of
a methane-hydrogen sulfide hydrate at the Cascadia
subduction zone. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,
156: 173-183.
Kennett, J., Cannariato, K., Hendy, I., and Behl, R.,
2002. Methane hydrates in Quaternary climate
change: the clathrate gun hypothesis, AGU books
board, 216 p.
Kuhs, W.F., Bauer, F.C., Hausmann, R., Ahsbahs, H.,
Dorwarth, R., and Hölzer, K., 1996. Single crystal
diffraction with X-rays and neutrons. High quality at
high pressure? High Press. Res., 14: 341-352.
Kuhs, W.F., Genov, G.Y., Goreshnik, E., Zeller, A.,
Techmer, K., and Bohrmann, G. 2004. The impact of
porous microstructures of gas hydrates on their
macroscopic properties. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, 14: 305-309.
Kulm, L.D., Suess, E., Moore, J.C., Carson, B., Lewis,
B.T., Ritger, S.D., Kadko, D.C., Thornburg, T.M.,
Embley, R.W., Rugh, W.D., Massoth, G.J., Langseth,
M.G., Cochrane, G.R., and Scamann, R.L. 1986,
Oregon subduction zone: venting, fauna, and
carbonates. Science, 231: 561-566.
Kvenvolden, K.A., and McMenamin, M.A., 1980.
Hydrates of natural gas: A review of their geological
occurrence. US Geological Survey Circular, 825, 0-11.
Kvenvolden, K.A., 1988, Methane hydrate - a major
reservoir of carbon in the shallow geosphere?
Chemical Geology, 71: 41-51.
Kvenvolden, K.A., 1998. A primer on the geological
occurence of gas hydrate, in Henriet, J.P., and
Mienert, J., eds., Gas Hydrates: Relevance to World
Margin Stability and Climate Change, Volume 137:
Special Publications: London, Geological Society, pp.
9-30.
Kvenvolden, K.A., and Kastner, M., 1990. Gas hydrates
of the Peruvian outer continental margin, in Suess,
E., and von Huene, R., (eds.), Proc. ODP., Scien.
Results, Volume 112: College Station, pp. 517-526.
Kvenvolden, K.A., 1993. A primer on gas hydrates. In:
Howell. D.G. et al. (eds.) The future of energy gases,
U.S. geological survey professional paper, 1570: pp.
279-291.
Lein, A., Vogt, P., Crane, K., Egorov, A., and Ivanov, M.,
1999. Chemical and isotopic evidence for the nature
of the fluid in CH 4 -containing sediments of the
Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano. Geo-Marine Letters, 19:
76-83.
Maekawa, T., 2004. Experimental study on isotopic
fractionation in water during gas hydrate formation:
Geochemical Journal, 38:129-138.
Makogon, Y.F., Trebin, F.A., Trofimuk, A.A., Tsarev,
V.P., and Cherskiy, N.V. 1971. Detection of a pool of
natural gas in a solid (hydrated gas) state: Doklady p.
59-66. Akademii Nauk SSSR.
Mathews, M.A., and von Huene, R., 1985. Site 570
methane hydrate zone, in Orlofsky, S., ed., DSDP
Initerum Reports, Volume 84, U.S. Gov. Printing
Office, pp. 773-790.
Matsumoto, R., and Borowski, W., 2000. Gas hydrate
estimates from newly determined oxygen isotopic
fractionation and δ
18 O anomalies of interstitial
waters: Leg 164, Blake Ridge, in Paull, C.,
Matsumoto, R., Wallace, P.J., and Dillon, W.P.,
(eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, Volume 164: College
Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 196: pp. 203206.
Mazurenko, L.L., and Soloviev, V.A., 2003. Worldwide
distribution of deep-water fluid venting and potential
occurrences of gas hydrate accumulations. GeoMarine Letters, 23: 162-176.
Mienert, J., Posewang, J., and Baumann, M., 1998. Gas
hydrates along the northeastern Atlantic margin:
possible hydrate-bound margin instabilities and
possible release of methane, in Henriet, J.-P., and
Mienert, J., eds., Gas Hydrates: Relevance to World
Margin Stability and Climate Change, Volume 137:
London, Geological Society, pp. 275-291.
Nimblett J. ; Ruppel C., 2003. Permeability evolution
during the formation of gas hydrates in marine
sediments. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108 (B9)
pp. EPM 2-1, Cite ID 2420, DOI 10.1029/
2001JB001650.
Nisbet, E.G., and Piper, D.J.W., 1998. Giant submarine
landslides. Nature, 392: 329-330.
Orphan, V.J., Ussler III, W., Naehr, T.H., House, C.H.,
Hinrichs, K.-U., and Paull, C.K. 2004. Geological,
geochemical, and microbiological heterogeneity of
the seafloor around methane vents in the Eel River
Basin, offshore California. Chemical Geology 205:
265-289.
Paull, C.K., Ussler III, W., and Dillon, W.P., 1991. Is the
510
sections of terrigenous continental margins: Earth and
Planetary Science Letters, 55: 453-462.
Hesse, R., Lebel, J., and Gieskes, J.M., 1985. Intersitial
water chemistry of gas-hydrate bearing sections on
the Middle America trench slope, DSDP Leg 84, in
von Huene, R., and Aubouin, J., eds., Inital Reports of
DSDP, Volume 84: Washington, U.S. Governmental
Printing Office, p. 727-737.
Hesse, R., 2003. Pore water anomalies of submarine gashydrate zones as tool to assess hydrate abundance and
distribution in the subsurface - what have we learned
in the past decade. Earth-Science Reviews, 61: 149179.
Hyndman, R.D., and Spence, G.D., 1992. A seismic study
of methane hydrate marine bottom-simulating reflectors. Journal Geophys. Res, (97): 6683-6698.
Iversen, N., Jørgensen, B.B. 1985. Anaerobic methane
oxidation rates at the sulfate-methane transition in
marine sediments from Kattegat and Skagerrak
(Denmark). Limnology & Oceanography 30 (5):
944-955.
Joye, S.B., Boetius, A., Orcutt, B.N., Montoya, J.P., Schulz,
H.N., Erickson, M.J., and Lugo, S.K. 2004. The
anaerobic oxidation of methane and sulfate reduction in
sediments from Gulf of Mexico cold seeps. Chemical
Geology 205: 219-238
Kastner, M., Elderfield, H., and Martin, J.B., 1991. Fluids
in convergent margins: what do we know about their
composition, origin, role in diagenesis and
importance for oceanic chemical fluxes: Phil. Trans.
R. Soc. London A, 335: 243-259.
Kastner, M., Kvenvolden, K.A., and Lorenson, T.D.,
1998. Chemistry, isotopic composition, and origin of
a methane-hydrogen sulfide hydrate at the Cascadia
subduction zone. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,
156: 173-183.
Kennett, J., Cannariato, K., Hendy, I., and Behl, R.,
2002. Methane hydrates in Quaternary climate
change: the clathrate gun hypothesis, AGU books
board, 216 p.
Kuhs, W.F., Bauer, F.C., Hausmann, R., Ahsbahs, H.,
Dorwarth, R., and Hölzer, K., 1996. Single crystal
diffraction with X-rays and neutrons. High quality at
high pressure? High Press. Res., 14: 341-352.
Kuhs, W.F., Genov, G.Y., Goreshnik, E., Zeller, A.,
Techmer, K., and Bohrmann, G. 2004. The impact of
porous microstructures of gas hydrates on their
macroscopic properties. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, 14: 305-309.
Kulm, L.D., Suess, E., Moore, J.C., Carson, B., Lewis,
B.T., Ritger, S.D., Kadko, D.C., Thornburg, T.M.,
Embley, R.W., Rugh, W.D., Massoth, G.J., Langseth,
M.G., Cochrane, G.R., and Scamann, R.L. 1986,
Oregon subduction zone: venting, fauna, and
carbonates. Science, 231: 561-566.
Kvenvolden, K.A., and McMenamin, M.A., 1980.
Hydrates of natural gas: A review of their geological
occurrence. US Geological Survey Circular, 825, 0-11.
Kvenvolden, K.A., 1988, Methane hydrate - a major
reservoir of carbon in the shallow geosphere?
Chemical Geology, 71: 41-51.
Kvenvolden, K.A., 1998. A primer on the geological
occurence of gas hydrate, in Henriet, J.P., and
Mienert, J., eds., Gas Hydrates: Relevance to World
Margin Stability and Climate Change, Volume 137:
Special Publications: London, Geological Society, pp.
9-30.
Kvenvolden, K.A., and Kastner, M., 1990. Gas hydrates
of the Peruvian outer continental margin, in Suess,
E., and von Huene, R., (eds.), Proc. ODP., Scien.
Results, Volume 112: College Station, pp. 517-526.
Kvenvolden, K.A., 1993. A primer on gas hydrates. In:
Howell. D.G. et al. (eds.) The future of energy gases,
U.S. geological survey professional paper, 1570: pp.
279-291.
Lein, A., Vogt, P., Crane, K., Egorov, A., and Ivanov, M.,
1999. Chemical and isotopic evidence for the nature
of the fluid in CH 4 -containing sediments of the
Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano. Geo-Marine Letters, 19:
76-83.
Maekawa, T., 2004. Experimental study on isotopic
fractionation in water during gas hydrate formation:
Geochemical Journal, 38:129-138.
Makogon, Y.F., Trebin, F.A., Trofimuk, A.A., Tsarev,
V.P., and Cherskiy, N.V. 1971. Detection of a pool of
natural gas in a solid (hydrated gas) state: Doklady p.
59-66. Akademii Nauk SSSR.
Mathews, M.A., and von Huene, R., 1985. Site 570
methane hydrate zone, in Orlofsky, S., ed., DSDP
Initerum Reports, Volume 84, U.S. Gov. Printing
Office, pp. 773-790.
Matsumoto, R., and Borowski, W., 2000. Gas hydrate
estimates from newly determined oxygen isotopic
fractionation and δ
18 O anomalies of interstitial
waters: Leg 164, Blake Ridge, in Paull, C.,
Matsumoto, R., Wallace, P.J., and Dillon, W.P.,
(eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, Volume 164: College
Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 196: pp. 203206.
Mazurenko, L.L., and Soloviev, V.A., 2003. Worldwide
distribution of deep-water fluid venting and potential
occurrences of gas hydrate accumulations. GeoMarine Letters, 23: 162-176.
Mienert, J., Posewang, J., and Baumann, M., 1998. Gas
hydrates along the northeastern Atlantic margin:
possible hydrate-bound margin instabilities and
possible release of methane, in Henriet, J.-P., and
Mienert, J., eds., Gas Hydrates: Relevance to World
Margin Stability and Climate Change, Volume 137:
London, Geological Society, pp. 275-291.
Nimblett J. ; Ruppel C., 2003. Permeability evolution
during the formation of gas hydrates in marine
sediments. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108 (B9)
pp. EPM 2-1, Cite ID 2420, DOI 10.1029/
2001JB001650.
Nisbet, E.G., and Piper, D.J.W., 1998. Giant submarine
landslides. Nature, 392: 329-330.
Orphan, V.J., Ussler III, W., Naehr, T.H., House, C.H.,
Hinrichs, K.-U., and Paull, C.K. 2004. Geological,
geochemical, and microbiological heterogeneity of
the seafloor around methane vents in the Eel River
Basin, offshore California. Chemical Geology 205:
265-289.
Paull, C.K., Ussler III, W., and Dillon, W.P., 1991. Is the