475
de Ronde, C.E.J., 1995. Fluid chemistry and isotopic
characteristics of seafloor hydrothermal systems and
associated VMS deposits: potential for magmatic
contributions. In: Thompson, JFH (ed) Magmas,
Fluids, and Ore Deposits. Mineralogical Association
of Canada Short Course Notes, 23: 479-509.
de Ronde, C.E.J., Massoth, G.J., Baker, E.T., and Lupton,
J.E., 2003. Submarine hydrothermal venting related to
volcanic arcs. In: Simmons, S.F., and Graham, I.J. (eds)
Giggenbach Memorial Volume: Volcanic, Geothermal
and Ore-Forming Fluids: Rulers and Witnesses of
Processes within the Earth, Society of Economic
Geologists, Special Publication, 10: 91-109.
Delaney, J.R., Johnson, H.P. and Karsten, J.L., 1981. The
Juan de Fuca Ridge-hot spot-propagating rift system.
Journal of geophysical Research, 86: 11747-11750.
Delaney, J.R., McDuff, R.E. and Lupton, J.E., 1984. Hydrothermal fluid temperatures of 400°C of the
Endeacour Segment, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge.
American Geophysical Union Transactions, 65: 973.
Detrick, R.S.P., Buhl, E., Vera, J., Mutter, J., Orcutt, J.,
Madsen, J. and Brocher, T., 1987. Multi-channel
seismic imaging of a crustal magma chamber along
the East Pacific Rise. Nature, 326: 35-41.
Dia, A.N., Aquilina, L., Boulègue, J., Bourgois, J., Suess,
E. and Torres, M., 1993. Origin of fluids and related
barite deposits and vent sites along the Peru
convergent margin. Geology, 21: 1099-1102.
Dickens, G.R. and Quinby - Hunt, M.S., 1994. Methane
hydrate stability in seawater. Geophysical Research
Letters, 21: 2115-2118.
Doe, B.R., 1994. Zinc, copper, and lead in mid - ocean
ridge basalts and the source rock control on Zn/Pb in
ocean-ridge hydrothermal deposits. Geochimica et
Cosmo-chimica Acta, 58: 2215-2223.
Edmond, J.M., Measures, C.I., McDuff, R.E., Chan, L.H.,
Collier, R., Grant, B., Gordon, L.I. and Corliss, J.B.,
1979a. Ridge crest hydrothermal activity and the
balance of the major and minor elements in the
ocean: The Galapagos data. Earth and Planetary
Science Letters, 46: 1-18.
Edmond, J.M., Measures, C.I., Mangum, B., Grant, B.,
Sclater, F.R., Collier, R., Hudson, A., Gordon, L.I. and
Corliss, J.B., 1979b. On the formation of metal-rich
deposits at ridge crests. Earth and Planetary Science
Letters, 46: 19-30.
Edmond, J.M., von Damm, K.L., McDuff, R.E. and
Measures, C.I., 1982. Chemistry of hot springs on
the East Pacific Rise and their effluent dispersal.
Nature, 297: 187 - 191.
Edmond, J.M., Campbell, A.C., Palmer, M.R.,
Klinkhammer, G.P., German, C.R., Edmonds, H.N.,
Elderfield, H., Thompson, G. and Rona, P., 1995.
Time series studies of vent fluids from the TAG and
MARK sites (1986, 1990) Mid - Atlantic Ridge: a new
solution chemistry model and a mechanism for Cu/Zn
zonation in massiv sulphide orebodies. In: Parson,
L.M., Walker, C.L. and Dixon, D.R. (eds).
Hydrothermal Vents and Processes, Geological Society Special Publication, 87: 77-86.
Elderfield, H. and Greaves, M.J., 1982. The rare earth
elements in seawater. Nature, 296: 214-219.
S.R., Rymer, H., Stix, J., and Ballard, R.D. (eds)
Encyclopedia of Volcanoes, Academic Press, San
Diego: 857-875.
Campbell, A.C., Bowers, T.S., Measures, C.I., Falkner,
K.K., Khadem, M. and Edmond, J.M., 1988a. A time -
series of vent fluid composition from 21°N, EPR
(1979, 1981, 1985), and the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of
California (1982, 1985). Journal of Geophysical
Research, 93: 4537-4549.
Campbell, A.C., German, C., Palmer, M.R. and Edmond,
J.M., 1988b. Preliminary report on the chemistry of
hydrothermal fluids from the Escanaba Trough.
American Geophysical Union Transactions, 69:
1271.
Campbell, A.C., Palmer, M.R.,Klinkhammer, G.P.,
Bowers, T.S., Edmond, J.M., Lawrence, J.R., Casey,
J.F., Thompson, G., Humphris, S., Rona, P. and
Karson, J.A. 1988c. Chemistry of hot springs of the
Mid–Atlantic Ridge. Nature, 335: 514-519.
Cann, J.R. and Strens, M.R., 1982. Black smokers fuelled
by freezing magma. Nature, 298: 147-149.
Cathless, L.M., 1983. An analysis of the hydrothermal
system responsible for massive sulfide deposition in
the Hokuroku Basin of Japan. Economic Geology,
Monograph, 5: 439-487.
Charlou, J.L., Bougalt, H., Appriu, P., Nelsen, T. and
Rona, P., 1991. Different TDM/CH4 hydrothermal
plume signatures: TAG site at 26°N and serpentinized
ultrabasic diapier at 15°05’N on the Mid-Atlantic
Ridge. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 55: 32093222.
Clague, D.A., Frey, F.A., Thompson, G. and Rindge, S.,
1981. Minor and trace element geochemistry of
volcanic rocks dredged from the Galapagos spreading
center: Role of crystal fractionation and mantle
heterogeneity. Journal of Geophysical Research, 86:
9469-9482.
Collier, J. and Sinha, N., 1990. Seismic images of a
magma chamber beneath the Lau Basin back - arc
spreading center. Nature, 346: 646-648.
Collier, J.S., and Sinha, M.C., 1992. Seismic mapping of
a magma chamber beneath the Valu Fa Ridge, Lau
Basin. Journal of Geophysical Research, B97:
14,031-14,053.
Converse, D.R., Holland, H.D. and Edmond, J.M., 1984.
Flow rates in the axial hot springs of the East Pacific
Rise (21°N) : implications for the heat budget and the
formation of massiv sulfide deposits. Earth and
Planetary Sience Letters, 69: 159-175.
Corliss, J.B., Dymond, J., Gordon, L.I., Edmond, J.M.,
von Herzen, R.P., Ballard, R.D. Green, K., Williams,
D., Bainbridge, A., Crane, K. and van Andel, T.H.,
1997. Submarine thermal springs on the Galapagos
Rift. Science, 203: 1073-1083.
Craig, H., Horibe, Y., Farley, K.A., Welhan, J.A., Kim,
K.R. and Hey, R.N., 1987. Hydrothermal vents in the
Mariana Trough: Results of the first Alvin dives.
American Geophysical Union Transactions, 68: 1531.
Crerar, D. and Barnes, H.L., 1976. Ore solution chemistry V. Solubilities of chalcopyrite and chalcocite
assemblages in hydrothermal solutions at 200°C to
350°C. Economic Geology, 71: 772-794.
References
de Ronde, C.E.J., 1995. Fluid chemistry and isotopic
characteristics of seafloor hydrothermal systems and
associated VMS deposits: potential for magmatic
contributions. In: Thompson, JFH (ed) Magmas,
Fluids, and Ore Deposits. Mineralogical Association
of Canada Short Course Notes, 23: 479-509.
de Ronde, C.E.J., Massoth, G.J., Baker, E.T., and Lupton,
J.E., 2003. Submarine hydrothermal venting related to
volcanic arcs. In: Simmons, S.F., and Graham, I.J. (eds)
Giggenbach Memorial Volume: Volcanic, Geothermal
and Ore-Forming Fluids: Rulers and Witnesses of
Processes within the Earth, Society of Economic
Geologists, Special Publication, 10: 91-109.
Delaney, J.R., Johnson, H.P. and Karsten, J.L., 1981. The
Juan de Fuca Ridge-hot spot-propagating rift system.
Journal of geophysical Research, 86: 11747-11750.
Delaney, J.R., McDuff, R.E. and Lupton, J.E., 1984. Hydrothermal fluid temperatures of 400°C of the
Endeacour Segment, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge.
American Geophysical Union Transactions, 65: 973.
Detrick, R.S.P., Buhl, E., Vera, J., Mutter, J., Orcutt, J.,
Madsen, J. and Brocher, T., 1987. Multi-channel
seismic imaging of a crustal magma chamber along
the East Pacific Rise. Nature, 326: 35-41.
Dia, A.N., Aquilina, L., Boulègue, J., Bourgois, J., Suess,
E. and Torres, M., 1993. Origin of fluids and related
barite deposits and vent sites along the Peru
convergent margin. Geology, 21: 1099-1102.
Dickens, G.R. and Quinby - Hunt, M.S., 1994. Methane
hydrate stability in seawater. Geophysical Research
Letters, 21: 2115-2118.
Doe, B.R., 1994. Zinc, copper, and lead in mid - ocean
ridge basalts and the source rock control on Zn/Pb in
ocean-ridge hydrothermal deposits. Geochimica et
Cosmo-chimica Acta, 58: 2215-2223.
Edmond, J.M., Measures, C.I., McDuff, R.E., Chan, L.H.,
Collier, R., Grant, B., Gordon, L.I. and Corliss, J.B.,
1979a. Ridge crest hydrothermal activity and the
balance of the major and minor elements in the
ocean: The Galapagos data. Earth and Planetary
Science Letters, 46: 1-18.
Edmond, J.M., Measures, C.I., Mangum, B., Grant, B.,
Sclater, F.R., Collier, R., Hudson, A., Gordon, L.I. and
Corliss, J.B., 1979b. On the formation of metal-rich
deposits at ridge crests. Earth and Planetary Science
Letters, 46: 19-30.
Edmond, J.M., von Damm, K.L., McDuff, R.E. and
Measures, C.I., 1982. Chemistry of hot springs on
the East Pacific Rise and their effluent dispersal.
Nature, 297: 187 - 191.
Edmond, J.M., Campbell, A.C., Palmer, M.R.,
Klinkhammer, G.P., German, C.R., Edmonds, H.N.,
Elderfield, H., Thompson, G. and Rona, P., 1995.
Time series studies of vent fluids from the TAG and
MARK sites (1986, 1990) Mid - Atlantic Ridge: a new
solution chemistry model and a mechanism for Cu/Zn
zonation in massiv sulphide orebodies. In: Parson,
L.M., Walker, C.L. and Dixon, D.R. (eds).
Hydrothermal Vents and Processes, Geological Society Special Publication, 87: 77-86.
Elderfield, H. and Greaves, M.J., 1982. The rare earth
elements in seawater. Nature, 296: 214-219.
S.R., Rymer, H., Stix, J., and Ballard, R.D. (eds)
Encyclopedia of Volcanoes, Academic Press, San
Diego: 857-875.
Campbell, A.C., Bowers, T.S., Measures, C.I., Falkner,
K.K., Khadem, M. and Edmond, J.M., 1988a. A time -
series of vent fluid composition from 21°N, EPR
(1979, 1981, 1985), and the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of
California (1982, 1985). Journal of Geophysical
Research, 93: 4537-4549.
Campbell, A.C., German, C., Palmer, M.R. and Edmond,
J.M., 1988b. Preliminary report on the chemistry of
hydrothermal fluids from the Escanaba Trough.
American Geophysical Union Transactions, 69:
1271.
Campbell, A.C., Palmer, M.R.,Klinkhammer, G.P.,
Bowers, T.S., Edmond, J.M., Lawrence, J.R., Casey,
J.F., Thompson, G., Humphris, S., Rona, P. and
Karson, J.A. 1988c. Chemistry of hot springs of the
Mid–Atlantic Ridge. Nature, 335: 514-519.
Cann, J.R. and Strens, M.R., 1982. Black smokers fuelled
by freezing magma. Nature, 298: 147-149.
Cathless, L.M., 1983. An analysis of the hydrothermal
system responsible for massive sulfide deposition in
the Hokuroku Basin of Japan. Economic Geology,
Monograph, 5: 439-487.
Charlou, J.L., Bougalt, H., Appriu, P., Nelsen, T. and
Rona, P., 1991. Different TDM/CH4 hydrothermal
plume signatures: TAG site at 26°N and serpentinized
ultrabasic diapier at 15°05’N on the Mid-Atlantic
Ridge. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 55: 32093222.
Clague, D.A., Frey, F.A., Thompson, G. and Rindge, S.,
1981. Minor and trace element geochemistry of
volcanic rocks dredged from the Galapagos spreading
center: Role of crystal fractionation and mantle
heterogeneity. Journal of Geophysical Research, 86:
9469-9482.
Collier, J. and Sinha, N., 1990. Seismic images of a
magma chamber beneath the Lau Basin back - arc
spreading center. Nature, 346: 646-648.
Collier, J.S., and Sinha, M.C., 1992. Seismic mapping of
a magma chamber beneath the Valu Fa Ridge, Lau
Basin. Journal of Geophysical Research, B97:
14,031-14,053.
Converse, D.R., Holland, H.D. and Edmond, J.M., 1984.
Flow rates in the axial hot springs of the East Pacific
Rise (21°N) : implications for the heat budget and the
formation of massiv sulfide deposits. Earth and
Planetary Sience Letters, 69: 159-175.
Corliss, J.B., Dymond, J., Gordon, L.I., Edmond, J.M.,
von Herzen, R.P., Ballard, R.D. Green, K., Williams,
D., Bainbridge, A., Crane, K. and van Andel, T.H.,
1997. Submarine thermal springs on the Galapagos
Rift. Science, 203: 1073-1083.
Craig, H., Horibe, Y., Farley, K.A., Welhan, J.A., Kim,
K.R. and Hey, R.N., 1987. Hydrothermal vents in the
Mariana Trough: Results of the first Alvin dives.
American Geophysical Union Transactions, 68: 1531.
Crerar, D. and Barnes, H.L., 1976. Ore solution chemistry V. Solubilities of chalcopyrite and chalcocite
assemblages in hydrothermal solutions at 200°C to
350°C. Economic Geology, 71: 772-794.
References