424
11 Manganese: Predominant Role of Nodules and Crusts
Cosmochimica Acta, 59: 4393-4408.
Mangini, A., 1988. Growth rates of manganese nodules and
crusts. In: Halbach, P., Friedrich, G. and von Stackelberg,
U. (eds), The Manganese Nodule Belt of the Pacific Ocean
Geological environment, nodule formation, and mining
aspects. Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 142-151.
Mangini, A., Dominik, J., Muller, P.J and Stoffers, P., 1982.
Pacific deep circulation: A velocity increase at the end of
the interglacial stage 5? Deep-Sea Research, 29A: 15171530.
Mangini, A., Halbach, P., Puteanus, D. and Segl, M., 1987.
Chemistry and growth history of Central Pacific Mn -
crusts and their economic importance. In: Teleki, P.G.,
Dobson, M.R., Moore, J.R. and von Stackelberg, U. (eds),
Marine minerals Advances in research and resource
assessment. D. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 205-220.
Mangini, A., Eisenhauer, A. and Walter, P., 1990a. Response of
manganese in the ocean to climate change in the
Quaternary. Paleoceanography, 5: 811-821.
Mangini, A., Segl, M., Glasby, G.P, Stoffers, P. and Plüger, W.L.,
1990b. Element accumulation rates in and growth histories
of manganese nodules from the Southwestern Pacific Basin.
Marine Geology, 94: 97-107.
Manheim, F.T., 1986. Marine cobalt resources. Science, 232:
600-608.
Manheim, F.T. and Lane-Bostwick, C.M., 1988. Cobalt in
ferromanganese crusts as a monitor of hydrothermal
discharge on the Pacific sea floor. Nature, 335: 59-62.
Mantyla, A.W., 1975. On the potential temperature in the
abyssal Pacific Ocean. Journal of Marine Research, 33:
341-354.
Marchig, V., 2000. Hydrothermal activity on the southern,
ultrafast-spreading segment of the East Pacific Rise. In:
Cronan, D.S. (ed.), Handbook of marine minerals. CRC
Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 309-325..
Marchig, V. and Erzinger, J., 1986. Chemical composition of
Pacific sediments near 20°S: changes with increasing
distance from the East Pacific Rise. In: Initial Reports of
the Deep Sea Drilling Project. U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C., pp. 371-381.
Marcus, M.A., Manceau, A. and Kersten, M., 2004. Mn, Fe, Zn
and As speciation in a fast growing ferromanganese marine
nodule. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68: 3125-3136.
Martin, J.H., Knauer, G.A. and Broenkow, W.W., 1985.
VERTEX: the lateral transport of manganese in the
northeast Pacific. Deep-Sea Research, 32: 1405-1427.
Medford, R.D., 1969. Marine mining in Britain. Mining
Magazine, 121(5): 369-381 and 121(6): 474-480.
Mellin, T.A. and Lei, G., 1993. Stabilization of 10 Å-manganates
by interlayer cations and hydrothermal treatment:
Implications for the mineralogy of marine manganese
concretions. Marine Geology, 115: 67-83.
Mero, J.L., 1965. Mineral resources of the sea. Elsevier,
Amsterdam, 312 pp.
Mero, J.L., 1977. Economic aspects of nodule mining. In: Glasby,
G.P. (ed.), 1977. Marine manganese deposits. Elsevier,
Amsterdam, pp. 327-355.
Meylan, M.A., Glasby, G.P., McDougall, J.C. and Kumbalek,
S.C., 1982. Lithology, colour, mineralogy, and geochemistry
of marine sediments from the Southwestern Pacific and
Samoan Basin. New Zealand Journal of Geology and
Geophysics, 25: 437-458.
Meylan, M.A., Glasby, G.P., Hill, P.J., McKelvey, B.C., Walter,
P. and Stoffers, P., 1990. Manganese crusts and nodules
from the Manihiki Plateau and adjacent areas: Results of
HMNZS Tui cruises. Marine Mining, 9: 43-72.
Michard, G. and Albarède, F. 1986.The REE content of some
hydrothermal fluids. Chemical Geology, 55: 51-60.
Miller, S. and Cronan, D.S., 1994. Element supply to
surface sediments and interrelationships with nodules
along the Aitutaki-Jarvis Transect, South Pacific.
Journal of the Geological Society of London, 151:
403-412.
Moore, J.G. and Clague, D.A., 2004. Hawaiian submarine
manganese-iron oxide crusts — A dating tool? GSA Bulletin,
116: 337-347.
Morgan, C.L., 2000. Resource estimates of the Clarion -
Clipperton manganese nodule deposits. In: Cronan, D.S.
(ed.), Handbook of marine minerals. CRC Press, Boca Raton,
Florida, pp. 145-170.
Morgan, J.J., 2005. Kinetics of reaction between oxygen and
Mn(II) species in aqueous solutions. Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta, 69: 35-48.
Mukhopadhyay, R., Iyer, S.D. and Ghosh, A.K., 2002. The
Indian Ocean Nodule Field: petrotectonic evolution and
ferromanganese deposits. Earth-Science Reviews, 60: 67130.
Müller, P.J., Hartmann, M. and Suess, E., 1988. The
chemical environment of pelagic sediments. In:
Halbach, P., Friedrich, G. and von Stackelberg, U.
(eds), The manganese nodule belt of the Pacific Ocean
Geological environment, nodule formation, and mining
aspects. Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 70-99.
Murray, J.W. and Brewer, P.G., 1977. Mechanism of
removal of manganese, iron and other trace metals
from seawater. In: Glasby, G.P. (ed), Marine
manganese deposits. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 291325.
Murray, J.W., Balistrieri, L.S. and Paul, B., 1984. The oxidation
state of manganese in marine sediments and ferromanganese
nodules. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48: 12371247.
Nemoto, K. and Kroenke, L.W., 1981. Marine geology of the
Hess Rise 1. Bathymetry, surface sediment distribution and
environment of deposition. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 86: 10734-10752.
Nicholson, K., Hein, J.R., Bühn, B. and Dasgupta S. (eds), 1997.
Manganese mineralization: Geochemistry and mineralogy
of terrestrial and marine deposits. Geological Society Special
Publication, 119: 370 pp.
Norris, R.D. and Röhling, U., 1999. Carbon cycling and
chronology of climate warming at the Palaeocene/Eocene
transition. Nature, 401: 775-778.
Nozaki, Y., 1997. A fresh look at element distribution in the
North Pacific. EOS Transactions of the American
Geophysical Union, 78: 221.
O’Nions, R.K., Frank, M., von Blanckenburg, F. and Ling, H.F.,
1998. Secular variation of Nd and Pb isotopes in
ferromanganese crusts from the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific
Oceans. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 155: 15-28.
Overnell, J., 2002. Manganese and iron profiles during early
diagenesis in Loch Etive, Scotland. Application of two
diagenetic models. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,
54: 33-44.
11 Manganese: Predominant Role of Nodules and Crusts
Cosmochimica Acta, 59: 4393-4408.
Mangini, A., 1988. Growth rates of manganese nodules and
crusts. In: Halbach, P., Friedrich, G. and von Stackelberg,
U. (eds), The Manganese Nodule Belt of the Pacific Ocean
Geological environment, nodule formation, and mining
aspects. Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 142-151.
Mangini, A., Dominik, J., Muller, P.J and Stoffers, P., 1982.
Pacific deep circulation: A velocity increase at the end of
the interglacial stage 5? Deep-Sea Research, 29A: 15171530.
Mangini, A., Halbach, P., Puteanus, D. and Segl, M., 1987.
Chemistry and growth history of Central Pacific Mn -
crusts and their economic importance. In: Teleki, P.G.,
Dobson, M.R., Moore, J.R. and von Stackelberg, U. (eds),
Marine minerals Advances in research and resource
assessment. D. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 205-220.
Mangini, A., Eisenhauer, A. and Walter, P., 1990a. Response of
manganese in the ocean to climate change in the
Quaternary. Paleoceanography, 5: 811-821.
Mangini, A., Segl, M., Glasby, G.P, Stoffers, P. and Plüger, W.L.,
1990b. Element accumulation rates in and growth histories
of manganese nodules from the Southwestern Pacific Basin.
Marine Geology, 94: 97-107.
Manheim, F.T., 1986. Marine cobalt resources. Science, 232:
600-608.
Manheim, F.T. and Lane-Bostwick, C.M., 1988. Cobalt in
ferromanganese crusts as a monitor of hydrothermal
discharge on the Pacific sea floor. Nature, 335: 59-62.
Mantyla, A.W., 1975. On the potential temperature in the
abyssal Pacific Ocean. Journal of Marine Research, 33:
341-354.
Marchig, V., 2000. Hydrothermal activity on the southern,
ultrafast-spreading segment of the East Pacific Rise. In:
Cronan, D.S. (ed.), Handbook of marine minerals. CRC
Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 309-325..
Marchig, V. and Erzinger, J., 1986. Chemical composition of
Pacific sediments near 20°S: changes with increasing
distance from the East Pacific Rise. In: Initial Reports of
the Deep Sea Drilling Project. U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C., pp. 371-381.
Marcus, M.A., Manceau, A. and Kersten, M., 2004. Mn, Fe, Zn
and As speciation in a fast growing ferromanganese marine
nodule. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68: 3125-3136.
Martin, J.H., Knauer, G.A. and Broenkow, W.W., 1985.
VERTEX: the lateral transport of manganese in the
northeast Pacific. Deep-Sea Research, 32: 1405-1427.
Medford, R.D., 1969. Marine mining in Britain. Mining
Magazine, 121(5): 369-381 and 121(6): 474-480.
Mellin, T.A. and Lei, G., 1993. Stabilization of 10 Å-manganates
by interlayer cations and hydrothermal treatment:
Implications for the mineralogy of marine manganese
concretions. Marine Geology, 115: 67-83.
Mero, J.L., 1965. Mineral resources of the sea. Elsevier,
Amsterdam, 312 pp.
Mero, J.L., 1977. Economic aspects of nodule mining. In: Glasby,
G.P. (ed.), 1977. Marine manganese deposits. Elsevier,
Amsterdam, pp. 327-355.
Meylan, M.A., Glasby, G.P., McDougall, J.C. and Kumbalek,
S.C., 1982. Lithology, colour, mineralogy, and geochemistry
of marine sediments from the Southwestern Pacific and
Samoan Basin. New Zealand Journal of Geology and
Geophysics, 25: 437-458.
Meylan, M.A., Glasby, G.P., Hill, P.J., McKelvey, B.C., Walter,
P. and Stoffers, P., 1990. Manganese crusts and nodules
from the Manihiki Plateau and adjacent areas: Results of
HMNZS Tui cruises. Marine Mining, 9: 43-72.
Michard, G. and Albarède, F. 1986.The REE content of some
hydrothermal fluids. Chemical Geology, 55: 51-60.
Miller, S. and Cronan, D.S., 1994. Element supply to
surface sediments and interrelationships with nodules
along the Aitutaki-Jarvis Transect, South Pacific.
Journal of the Geological Society of London, 151:
403-412.
Moore, J.G. and Clague, D.A., 2004. Hawaiian submarine
manganese-iron oxide crusts — A dating tool? GSA Bulletin,
116: 337-347.
Morgan, C.L., 2000. Resource estimates of the Clarion -
Clipperton manganese nodule deposits. In: Cronan, D.S.
(ed.), Handbook of marine minerals. CRC Press, Boca Raton,
Florida, pp. 145-170.
Morgan, J.J., 2005. Kinetics of reaction between oxygen and
Mn(II) species in aqueous solutions. Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta, 69: 35-48.
Mukhopadhyay, R., Iyer, S.D. and Ghosh, A.K., 2002. The
Indian Ocean Nodule Field: petrotectonic evolution and
ferromanganese deposits. Earth-Science Reviews, 60: 67130.
Müller, P.J., Hartmann, M. and Suess, E., 1988. The
chemical environment of pelagic sediments. In:
Halbach, P., Friedrich, G. and von Stackelberg, U.
(eds), The manganese nodule belt of the Pacific Ocean
Geological environment, nodule formation, and mining
aspects. Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 70-99.
Murray, J.W. and Brewer, P.G., 1977. Mechanism of
removal of manganese, iron and other trace metals
from seawater. In: Glasby, G.P. (ed), Marine
manganese deposits. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 291325.
Murray, J.W., Balistrieri, L.S. and Paul, B., 1984. The oxidation
state of manganese in marine sediments and ferromanganese
nodules. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48: 12371247.
Nemoto, K. and Kroenke, L.W., 1981. Marine geology of the
Hess Rise 1. Bathymetry, surface sediment distribution and
environment of deposition. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 86: 10734-10752.
Nicholson, K., Hein, J.R., Bühn, B. and Dasgupta S. (eds), 1997.
Manganese mineralization: Geochemistry and mineralogy
of terrestrial and marine deposits. Geological Society Special
Publication, 119: 370 pp.
Norris, R.D. and Röhling, U., 1999. Carbon cycling and
chronology of climate warming at the Palaeocene/Eocene
transition. Nature, 401: 775-778.
Nozaki, Y., 1997. A fresh look at element distribution in the
North Pacific. EOS Transactions of the American
Geophysical Union, 78: 221.
O’Nions, R.K., Frank, M., von Blanckenburg, F. and Ling, H.F.,
1998. Secular variation of Nd and Pb isotopes in
ferromanganese crusts from the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific
Oceans. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 155: 15-28.
Overnell, J., 2002. Manganese and iron profiles during early
diagenesis in Loch Etive, Scotland. Application of two
diagenetic models. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,
54: 33-44.