421
References
of Sciences, Budapest, pp. 137-183.
Glasby, G.P. and Thijssen, T., 1982. Control of the mineralogy
and composition of the manganese nodules by the supply
of divalent transition metal ions. Neues Jahrbuch für
Mineralogie Abhandlung, 145: 291-307.
Glasby, G.P., Friedrich, G.; Thijssen, T.; Plüger, W.L.,
Kunzendorf, H., Ghosh, A.K. and Roonwal, G.S., 1982:
Distribution, morphology, and geochemistry of manganese
nodules from the Valdivia 13/2 area, equatorial North
Pacific. Pacific Science, 36: 241-263.
Glasby, G.P., Stoffers, P., Sioulas, A., Thijssen, T. and Friedrich,
G., 1983. Manganese nodule formation in the Pacific
Ocean: a general theory. Geo-Marine Letters, 2: 47-53.
Glasby, G.P., Gwozdz, R., Kunzendorf, H., Friedrich, G. and
Thijssen, T., 1987. The distribution of rare earth and minor
elements in manganese nodules and sediments from the
equatorial and S.W. Pacific. Lithos, 20: 97-113.
Glasby, G.P., Uscinowicz, S.Z. and Sochan, J.A., 1996.
Marine ferromanganese concretions from the Polish
exclusive economic zone: Influence of Major Inflows
of North Sea Water. Marine Georesources and
Geotechnology, 14: 335-352.
Glasby, G.P., Emelyanov, E.M., Zhamoida, V.A., Baturin, G.N.,
Leipe, T., Bahlo, R. and Bonacker, P., 1997a. Environments
of formation of ferromanganese concretions in the Baltic
Sea: a critical review. In: Nicholson, K., Hein, J.R., Bühn B.
and Dasgupta, S. (eds), Manganese mineralization:
Geochemistry and mineralogy of terrestrial and marine
deposits. Geological Society Special Publication, 119: 213237.
Glasby, G.P., Stüben, D., Jeschke, G., Stoffers, P. and GarbeSchönberg, C.-D., 1997b. A model for the formation of
hydrothermal manganese crusts from the Pitcairn Island
hotspot. Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, 61: 4583-4597.
Glasby, G.P. and Schulz, H.D., 1999. E H , pH diagrams for Mn,
Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and As under seawater conditions: Application
of two new types of E H , pH diagrams to the study of specific
problems in marine geochemistry. Aquatic Geochemistry,
5: 227-248.
Glasby, G.P., Papavassiliou, C.T., Mitsis, J., Valsami-Jones, E.,
Liakopoulos, A. and Renner, R.M., 2004. The Vani
manganese deposit, Milos island, Greece: A fossil stratabound
Mn-Ba-Pb-Zn-As-Sb-W-rich hydrothermal deposit. In:
Fytikas, M. and Vougioukalakis, G. (eds), The South Aegean
Volcanic Arc Present knowledge and future perspectives.
Developments in Volcanology, Elsevier, Amsterdam (in
press)
Gordon, A.L. and Gerard, R.D., 1970. North Pacific bottom
potential temperatures. In: Hayes, J.D. (ed.), Geological
investigations of the North Pacific. Geological Society of
America Memoir, 126, pp. 23-39.
Graham, I.J., Carter, R.M., Ditchburn, R.G. and Zondervan, A.,
2004. Chronostratigraphy of ODP 181, Site 1121 sediment
core (Southwest Pacific Ocean), using
10 Be/
9 Be dating of
trapped ferromanganese nodules. Marine Geology, 205: 227247.
Gromet, L.P., Dymek, R.F., Haskin, L.A., and Korotev, R.L.,
1984. The „North American Shale Composite“: its
compilation, major and trace element characteristics.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48: 2469-2482.
Halbach, P., Marchig, V. and Scherhag, C., 1980. Regional variations
in Mn, Cu, and Co of ferromanganese nodules from a basin in
the Southeast Pacific. Marine Geology, 38: M1-M9.
Halbach, P., Scherhag, C., Hebisch, U. and Marchig, V., 1981.
Geochemical and mineralogical control of different genetic
types of deep-sea nodules from Pacific Ocean. Mineral
Deposita, 16: 59-84.
Halbach, P. and Puteanus, D., 1984. The influence of the
carbonate dissolution rate on the growth and composition
of Co-rich ferromanganese crusts from the central Pacific
seamount areas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 68:
73-87.
Halbach, P., Friedrich, G. and von Stackelberg, U. (eds), 1988.
The Manganese Nodule Belt of the Pacific Ocean geological
environment, nodule formation, and mining aspects. Enke
Verlag, Stuttgart, 254 pp.
Halbach, P., Kriete, C., Prause, B. and Puteanus, D., 1989.
Mechanism to explain the platinum concentration in
ferromanganese seamount crusts. Chemical Geology, 76:
95-106.
Han, X., Jin, X., Yang, S., Fietzke, J. and Eisenhauer, A., 2003.
Rhythmic growth of Pacific ferromanganese nodules and
their Milankovitch climatic origin. Earth and Planetary
Science Letters, 211: 143-157
Harada, K. and Nishida. S. 1976. Biostratigraphy of some marine
manganese nodules. Nature, 260: 770-771.
Harada, K. and Nishida. S. 1976. Biochronology of some Pacific
manganese nodules and their growth histories. Colloques
Internationaux du C.N.R.S. N° 289 – La Genèse des Nodules
de Manganèse, pp. 211-216.
Hastings, D. and Emerson, M., 1986. Oxidation of manganese
by spores of a marine bacillus: Kinetics and thermodynamic
considerations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 50:
1819-1824.
Hayes, S.P., 1979. Benthic currents observations at DOMES
sites A, B, and C in the tropical North Pacific Ocean. In:
Bischoff, J.L. and Piper, D.Z. (eds), Marine geology and
oceanography of the Pacific manganese nodule province.
Plenum Press, NY, pp. 83-112.
Hayes, S.P., 1988. Benthic currents in the deep ocean. In:
Halbach, P., Friedrich, G. and von Stackelberg, U. (eds),
The manganese nodule belt of the Pacific Ocean Geological
environment, nodule formation, and mining aspects. Enke
Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 99-102.
Heath, G.R., 1981. Ferromanganese nodules of the deep sea.
Economic Geology, 75: 736-76
Hein, J.R., 2004. Cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts: Global
distribution, composition, origin and research activities.
In: Minerals other than polymetallic nodules of the
international seabed area Proceedings of a workshop held
on 26-30 June 2000 in Kingston, Jamaica Volume 1, pp.188272 (http//:www.isa.org.jm)
Hein, J.R., Morgenson, L.A., Clague, D.A. and Koski, R.A.,
1987. Cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts from the exclusive
economic zone of the United States and nodules from the
oceanic Pacific. In: Scholl, D.W., Grantz, A. and Vedder,
J.G. (eds), Geology and resource potential of the continental
margin of western North America and the adjacent oceansBeaufort Sea to Baja California. Circum-Pacific Council
for Energy and Mineral Recources, Earth Science Series,
Houston, Texas, pp. 753-771.
Hein, J.R., Schwab, W.C. and Davis, A.S., 1988. Cobalt- and
platinum-rich ferromanganese crusts and associated
substrate rocks from the Marshall Islands. Marine Geology,
78: 255-283.
Hein, J.R., Yeh, H.-W., Gunn, S.H., Sliter, W.H., Benninger,
References
of Sciences, Budapest, pp. 137-183.
Glasby, G.P. and Thijssen, T., 1982. Control of the mineralogy
and composition of the manganese nodules by the supply
of divalent transition metal ions. Neues Jahrbuch für
Mineralogie Abhandlung, 145: 291-307.
Glasby, G.P., Friedrich, G.; Thijssen, T.; Plüger, W.L.,
Kunzendorf, H., Ghosh, A.K. and Roonwal, G.S., 1982:
Distribution, morphology, and geochemistry of manganese
nodules from the Valdivia 13/2 area, equatorial North
Pacific. Pacific Science, 36: 241-263.
Glasby, G.P., Stoffers, P., Sioulas, A., Thijssen, T. and Friedrich,
G., 1983. Manganese nodule formation in the Pacific
Ocean: a general theory. Geo-Marine Letters, 2: 47-53.
Glasby, G.P., Gwozdz, R., Kunzendorf, H., Friedrich, G. and
Thijssen, T., 1987. The distribution of rare earth and minor
elements in manganese nodules and sediments from the
equatorial and S.W. Pacific. Lithos, 20: 97-113.
Glasby, G.P., Uscinowicz, S.Z. and Sochan, J.A., 1996.
Marine ferromanganese concretions from the Polish
exclusive economic zone: Influence of Major Inflows
of North Sea Water. Marine Georesources and
Geotechnology, 14: 335-352.
Glasby, G.P., Emelyanov, E.M., Zhamoida, V.A., Baturin, G.N.,
Leipe, T., Bahlo, R. and Bonacker, P., 1997a. Environments
of formation of ferromanganese concretions in the Baltic
Sea: a critical review. In: Nicholson, K., Hein, J.R., Bühn B.
and Dasgupta, S. (eds), Manganese mineralization:
Geochemistry and mineralogy of terrestrial and marine
deposits. Geological Society Special Publication, 119: 213237.
Glasby, G.P., Stüben, D., Jeschke, G., Stoffers, P. and GarbeSchönberg, C.-D., 1997b. A model for the formation of
hydrothermal manganese crusts from the Pitcairn Island
hotspot. Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, 61: 4583-4597.
Glasby, G.P. and Schulz, H.D., 1999. E H , pH diagrams for Mn,
Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and As under seawater conditions: Application
of two new types of E H , pH diagrams to the study of specific
problems in marine geochemistry. Aquatic Geochemistry,
5: 227-248.
Glasby, G.P., Papavassiliou, C.T., Mitsis, J., Valsami-Jones, E.,
Liakopoulos, A. and Renner, R.M., 2004. The Vani
manganese deposit, Milos island, Greece: A fossil stratabound
Mn-Ba-Pb-Zn-As-Sb-W-rich hydrothermal deposit. In:
Fytikas, M. and Vougioukalakis, G. (eds), The South Aegean
Volcanic Arc Present knowledge and future perspectives.
Developments in Volcanology, Elsevier, Amsterdam (in
press)
Gordon, A.L. and Gerard, R.D., 1970. North Pacific bottom
potential temperatures. In: Hayes, J.D. (ed.), Geological
investigations of the North Pacific. Geological Society of
America Memoir, 126, pp. 23-39.
Graham, I.J., Carter, R.M., Ditchburn, R.G. and Zondervan, A.,
2004. Chronostratigraphy of ODP 181, Site 1121 sediment
core (Southwest Pacific Ocean), using
10 Be/
9 Be dating of
trapped ferromanganese nodules. Marine Geology, 205: 227247.
Gromet, L.P., Dymek, R.F., Haskin, L.A., and Korotev, R.L.,
1984. The „North American Shale Composite“: its
compilation, major and trace element characteristics.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48: 2469-2482.
Halbach, P., Marchig, V. and Scherhag, C., 1980. Regional variations
in Mn, Cu, and Co of ferromanganese nodules from a basin in
the Southeast Pacific. Marine Geology, 38: M1-M9.
Halbach, P., Scherhag, C., Hebisch, U. and Marchig, V., 1981.
Geochemical and mineralogical control of different genetic
types of deep-sea nodules from Pacific Ocean. Mineral
Deposita, 16: 59-84.
Halbach, P. and Puteanus, D., 1984. The influence of the
carbonate dissolution rate on the growth and composition
of Co-rich ferromanganese crusts from the central Pacific
seamount areas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 68:
73-87.
Halbach, P., Friedrich, G. and von Stackelberg, U. (eds), 1988.
The Manganese Nodule Belt of the Pacific Ocean geological
environment, nodule formation, and mining aspects. Enke
Verlag, Stuttgart, 254 pp.
Halbach, P., Kriete, C., Prause, B. and Puteanus, D., 1989.
Mechanism to explain the platinum concentration in
ferromanganese seamount crusts. Chemical Geology, 76:
95-106.
Han, X., Jin, X., Yang, S., Fietzke, J. and Eisenhauer, A., 2003.
Rhythmic growth of Pacific ferromanganese nodules and
their Milankovitch climatic origin. Earth and Planetary
Science Letters, 211: 143-157
Harada, K. and Nishida. S. 1976. Biostratigraphy of some marine
manganese nodules. Nature, 260: 770-771.
Harada, K. and Nishida. S. 1976. Biochronology of some Pacific
manganese nodules and their growth histories. Colloques
Internationaux du C.N.R.S. N° 289 – La Genèse des Nodules
de Manganèse, pp. 211-216.
Hastings, D. and Emerson, M., 1986. Oxidation of manganese
by spores of a marine bacillus: Kinetics and thermodynamic
considerations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 50:
1819-1824.
Hayes, S.P., 1979. Benthic currents observations at DOMES
sites A, B, and C in the tropical North Pacific Ocean. In:
Bischoff, J.L. and Piper, D.Z. (eds), Marine geology and
oceanography of the Pacific manganese nodule province.
Plenum Press, NY, pp. 83-112.
Hayes, S.P., 1988. Benthic currents in the deep ocean. In:
Halbach, P., Friedrich, G. and von Stackelberg, U. (eds),
The manganese nodule belt of the Pacific Ocean Geological
environment, nodule formation, and mining aspects. Enke
Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 99-102.
Heath, G.R., 1981. Ferromanganese nodules of the deep sea.
Economic Geology, 75: 736-76
Hein, J.R., 2004. Cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts: Global
distribution, composition, origin and research activities.
In: Minerals other than polymetallic nodules of the
international seabed area Proceedings of a workshop held
on 26-30 June 2000 in Kingston, Jamaica Volume 1, pp.188272 (http//:www.isa.org.jm)
Hein, J.R., Morgenson, L.A., Clague, D.A. and Koski, R.A.,
1987. Cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts from the exclusive
economic zone of the United States and nodules from the
oceanic Pacific. In: Scholl, D.W., Grantz, A. and Vedder,
J.G. (eds), Geology and resource potential of the continental
margin of western North America and the adjacent oceansBeaufort Sea to Baja California. Circum-Pacific Council
for Energy and Mineral Recources, Earth Science Series,
Houston, Texas, pp. 753-771.
Hein, J.R., Schwab, W.C. and Davis, A.S., 1988. Cobalt- and
platinum-rich ferromanganese crusts and associated
substrate rocks from the Marshall Islands. Marine Geology,
78: 255-283.
Hein, J.R., Yeh, H.-W., Gunn, S.H., Sliter, W.H., Benninger,