6
Benthic Cycling of Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus
238
Middelburg, J.J., Soetaert, K. and Herman, P.M.J., 1996b.
Evaluation of the nitrogen isotope-pairing method
for measuring benthic denitrification: A simu-lation
analysis. Limnol. Oceanogr., 41, 1839-1844.
Middelburg, J.J., Soetaert, K. and Herman, P.M.J., 1996c.
Reply to the comment by Nielsen et al. Limnol.
Oceanogr., 41, 1846-1847.
Mills, M.M., Ridame, C., Davey, M., LaRoche, J. and
Geider, R.J., 2004. Iron and phosphorus co-limit
nitrogen fixation in the Eastern Tropical North
Atlantic. Nature, 429, 292-294.
Mino, T., 2000. Microbial selection of polyphosphateaccumulating bacteria in activated sludge wastewater
treatment processes for enhanced biological phosphate removal. Biochemistry (Moscow), 65, 341348.
Mulder, A., van de Graaf, A.A., Robertson, L.A. and
Kuenen, J.G., 1995. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation
discovered in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor.
FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 16, 177-184.
Nathan Y., Bremner, J.M., Lowenthal, R.E. and
Monteiro, P., 1993. Role of Bacteria in Phosphorite
Genesis. Geomicrobiol., 11, 69-76.
Nielsen, L.P., 1992. Denitrification in sediment determined from nitrogen isotope pairing. FEMS (Fed. Eur.
Microbiol. Soc.), Microbiol. Ecol., 86, 357-362.
Nielsen, L.P., Risgaard-Petersen, N., Rysgaard, S. and
Blackburn, T.H., 1996. Reply to the note by
Middelburg et al. Limnol. Oceanogr., 41, 1845-1846.
Nolton, A.J.G. and Jarvis, I. (eds), 1990. Phosphorite
research and development. Geol. Soc. London Special
Publ. 52, Oxford, 326 pp.
Otte, S., Kuenen, J.G., Nielsen, L.P., Paerl, H.W., Zopfi,
J., Schulz, H.N., Teske, A., Strotmann, B., Gallardo,
V.A. and Jørgensen B.B., 1999. Nitrogen, carbon, and
sulfur metabolism in natural Thioploca samples.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65, 3148-3157.
Painter, H.A., 1970. A review of literature on inorganic
nitrogen metabolism in microorganisms. Water Res.,
4, 393-450.
Pamatmat, M.M., 1971. Oxygen consumption in the
seabed. IV. Shipboard and laboratory experiments.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 16, 536-550.
Redfield, A.C., Ketchum, B.H. and Richards, F.A., 1963.
The influence of organisms on the composition of
sea-water. In: Hill, M.N. (ed.): The sea.- Interscience,
New York, pp. 26-77.
Reid, J.L., 1994. On the total geostrophic circulation of
the North Atlantic Ocean: Flow patterns, tracers, and
transports. Prog. Oceanogr., 33(1), 1-92.
Reimers, C.E., Jahnke, R.H. and McCorkle, D.C., 1992.
Carbon fluxes and burial rates over the continental
slope and rise off central California with implications
for the global carbon cycle. Glob. Biogeochem.
Cycles, 6, 199-224.
Revsbech, N.P., 1989. An oxygen electrode with a guard
cathode. Limnol. Oceanogr., 34, 474-478.
Revsbech, N.P. and Jørgensen, B.B., 1986. Microelectrodes: Their use in microbial ecology. Adv.
Microb. Ecol., 9, 293-352.
Revsbech, N.P., Jørgensen, B.B. and Blackburn, T.H.,
1980. Oxygen in the sea bottom measured with a
microelectrode. Science, 207, 1355-1356.
Rhoads, D.L. and Morse, J.W., 1971. Evolutionary and
ecologic significance of oxygen-deficient marine
basins. Lethaia, 4, 413-428.
Richards, F.A., Cline, J.D., Broenkow, W.W. and
Atkinson, L.P., 1965. Some consequences of the
decomposition of organic matter in Lake Nitinat, an
anoxic fjord. Limnol. Oceanogr., 10, 185-201.
Rowe, G.T., Boland, G.S., Phoel, W.C., Anderson, R.F. and
Biscaye, P.E., 1994. Deep-sea floor respiration as an
indication of lateral input of biogenic detritus from
continental margins. Deep-Sea Res. II, 41, 657-668.
Ruttenberg, K.C., 1992. Development of a sequential
extraction method for different forms of phosphorus
in marine sediments. Limnol. Oceanogr., 37, 14601482.
Ruttenberg, K.C. and Berner, R.A., 1993. Authigenic
apatite formation and burial in sediments from nonupwelling, continental margins. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57, 991-1007.
Rysgaard, S., Risgaard-Petersen, N., Sloth, N.P., Jensen,
K. and Nielsen, L.P., 1994. Oxygen regulation of
nitrification and denitrification in sediments. Limnol.
Oceanogr., 39(7), 1643-1652.
Sayles, F.L. and Martin, W.R., 1995. In Situ tracer studies
of solute transport across the sediment - water
interface at the Bermuda Time Series site. Deep-Sea
Res. I, 42(1), 31-52.
Schenau, S.J. and de Lange, G.J., 2000. A novel chemical
method to quantify fish debris in marine sediments.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 45, 963-971.
Schenau, S.J. and de Lange, G.J., 2001. Phosphorus
regeneration vs. burial in sediments of the Arabian
Sea. Mar. Chem., 75, 201-217.
Schenau, S.J., Slomp, C.P. and de Lange, G.J., 2000.
Phosphogenesis and active phosphorite formation in
sediments from the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum
zone. Mar. Geol., 169, 1-20.
Schink, B. and Friedrich, M., 2000. Phosphite oxidation
by sulphate reduction. Nature, 406, 37-37.
Schulz, H.D., Dahmke, A., Schinzel, U., Wallmann, K.
and Zabel, M., 1994. Early diagenetic processes,
fluxes, and reaction rates in sediments of the South
Atlantic. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58, 20412060.
Schulz, H.N. and Schulz, H.D., 2005. Large sulfur bacteria
and the formation of phosphorite. Science, 307, 416418.
Schulz, H.N., Brinkhoff, T., Ferdelman, T.G., Marine,
M.H., Teske, A. and Jørgensen, B.B., 1999. Dense
populations of a giant sulfur bacterium in Namibian
shelf sediments. Science, 284, 493-495.
Seiter, K., Hensen, C. and Zabel, M., 2005. Benthic
carbon mineralization on a global scale. Global
Biogeochemical Cycles, 19, GB1010, doi:10.1029/
2004GB002225.
Seitzinger, S.P., 1998. Denitrification in freshwater and
coastal marine environments: Ecological and
geochemical significance. Limnol. Oceanogr., 33(4),
702-724.
Seitzinger, S.P., Nixon, S.W. and Pilson, M.E.Q., 1984.
Denitrification and nitrous oxide production in a
coastal marine ecosystem. Limnol. Oceanogr., 29,
73-83.
Seitzinger, S.P., Nielsen, L.P., Caffrey, J. and Christensen,
P.B., 1993. Denitrification measurement in aquatic
sediments: A comparison of three methods. Biogeochem., 23, 147-167.
Shapleigh, J.P., 2000. The denitrifying prokaryotes. In:
Dworkin, M. et al. (eds), The Prokaryotes: An
Evolving Electronic Resource for the Microbiological
Community, 3rd edition, Springer-Verlag, New York.
Benthic Cycling of Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus
238
Middelburg, J.J., Soetaert, K. and Herman, P.M.J., 1996b.
Evaluation of the nitrogen isotope-pairing method
for measuring benthic denitrification: A simu-lation
analysis. Limnol. Oceanogr., 41, 1839-1844.
Middelburg, J.J., Soetaert, K. and Herman, P.M.J., 1996c.
Reply to the comment by Nielsen et al. Limnol.
Oceanogr., 41, 1846-1847.
Mills, M.M., Ridame, C., Davey, M., LaRoche, J. and
Geider, R.J., 2004. Iron and phosphorus co-limit
nitrogen fixation in the Eastern Tropical North
Atlantic. Nature, 429, 292-294.
Mino, T., 2000. Microbial selection of polyphosphateaccumulating bacteria in activated sludge wastewater
treatment processes for enhanced biological phosphate removal. Biochemistry (Moscow), 65, 341348.
Mulder, A., van de Graaf, A.A., Robertson, L.A. and
Kuenen, J.G., 1995. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation
discovered in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor.
FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 16, 177-184.
Nathan Y., Bremner, J.M., Lowenthal, R.E. and
Monteiro, P., 1993. Role of Bacteria in Phosphorite
Genesis. Geomicrobiol., 11, 69-76.
Nielsen, L.P., 1992. Denitrification in sediment determined from nitrogen isotope pairing. FEMS (Fed. Eur.
Microbiol. Soc.), Microbiol. Ecol., 86, 357-362.
Nielsen, L.P., Risgaard-Petersen, N., Rysgaard, S. and
Blackburn, T.H., 1996. Reply to the note by
Middelburg et al. Limnol. Oceanogr., 41, 1845-1846.
Nolton, A.J.G. and Jarvis, I. (eds), 1990. Phosphorite
research and development. Geol. Soc. London Special
Publ. 52, Oxford, 326 pp.
Otte, S., Kuenen, J.G., Nielsen, L.P., Paerl, H.W., Zopfi,
J., Schulz, H.N., Teske, A., Strotmann, B., Gallardo,
V.A. and Jørgensen B.B., 1999. Nitrogen, carbon, and
sulfur metabolism in natural Thioploca samples.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65, 3148-3157.
Painter, H.A., 1970. A review of literature on inorganic
nitrogen metabolism in microorganisms. Water Res.,
4, 393-450.
Pamatmat, M.M., 1971. Oxygen consumption in the
seabed. IV. Shipboard and laboratory experiments.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 16, 536-550.
Redfield, A.C., Ketchum, B.H. and Richards, F.A., 1963.
The influence of organisms on the composition of
sea-water. In: Hill, M.N. (ed.): The sea.- Interscience,
New York, pp. 26-77.
Reid, J.L., 1994. On the total geostrophic circulation of
the North Atlantic Ocean: Flow patterns, tracers, and
transports. Prog. Oceanogr., 33(1), 1-92.
Reimers, C.E., Jahnke, R.H. and McCorkle, D.C., 1992.
Carbon fluxes and burial rates over the continental
slope and rise off central California with implications
for the global carbon cycle. Glob. Biogeochem.
Cycles, 6, 199-224.
Revsbech, N.P., 1989. An oxygen electrode with a guard
cathode. Limnol. Oceanogr., 34, 474-478.
Revsbech, N.P. and Jørgensen, B.B., 1986. Microelectrodes: Their use in microbial ecology. Adv.
Microb. Ecol., 9, 293-352.
Revsbech, N.P., Jørgensen, B.B. and Blackburn, T.H.,
1980. Oxygen in the sea bottom measured with a
microelectrode. Science, 207, 1355-1356.
Rhoads, D.L. and Morse, J.W., 1971. Evolutionary and
ecologic significance of oxygen-deficient marine
basins. Lethaia, 4, 413-428.
Richards, F.A., Cline, J.D., Broenkow, W.W. and
Atkinson, L.P., 1965. Some consequences of the
decomposition of organic matter in Lake Nitinat, an
anoxic fjord. Limnol. Oceanogr., 10, 185-201.
Rowe, G.T., Boland, G.S., Phoel, W.C., Anderson, R.F. and
Biscaye, P.E., 1994. Deep-sea floor respiration as an
indication of lateral input of biogenic detritus from
continental margins. Deep-Sea Res. II, 41, 657-668.
Ruttenberg, K.C., 1992. Development of a sequential
extraction method for different forms of phosphorus
in marine sediments. Limnol. Oceanogr., 37, 14601482.
Ruttenberg, K.C. and Berner, R.A., 1993. Authigenic
apatite formation and burial in sediments from nonupwelling, continental margins. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57, 991-1007.
Rysgaard, S., Risgaard-Petersen, N., Sloth, N.P., Jensen,
K. and Nielsen, L.P., 1994. Oxygen regulation of
nitrification and denitrification in sediments. Limnol.
Oceanogr., 39(7), 1643-1652.
Sayles, F.L. and Martin, W.R., 1995. In Situ tracer studies
of solute transport across the sediment - water
interface at the Bermuda Time Series site. Deep-Sea
Res. I, 42(1), 31-52.
Schenau, S.J. and de Lange, G.J., 2000. A novel chemical
method to quantify fish debris in marine sediments.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 45, 963-971.
Schenau, S.J. and de Lange, G.J., 2001. Phosphorus
regeneration vs. burial in sediments of the Arabian
Sea. Mar. Chem., 75, 201-217.
Schenau, S.J., Slomp, C.P. and de Lange, G.J., 2000.
Phosphogenesis and active phosphorite formation in
sediments from the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum
zone. Mar. Geol., 169, 1-20.
Schink, B. and Friedrich, M., 2000. Phosphite oxidation
by sulphate reduction. Nature, 406, 37-37.
Schulz, H.D., Dahmke, A., Schinzel, U., Wallmann, K.
and Zabel, M., 1994. Early diagenetic processes,
fluxes, and reaction rates in sediments of the South
Atlantic. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58, 20412060.
Schulz, H.N. and Schulz, H.D., 2005. Large sulfur bacteria
and the formation of phosphorite. Science, 307, 416418.
Schulz, H.N., Brinkhoff, T., Ferdelman, T.G., Marine,
M.H., Teske, A. and Jørgensen, B.B., 1999. Dense
populations of a giant sulfur bacterium in Namibian
shelf sediments. Science, 284, 493-495.
Seiter, K., Hensen, C. and Zabel, M., 2005. Benthic
carbon mineralization on a global scale. Global
Biogeochemical Cycles, 19, GB1010, doi:10.1029/
2004GB002225.
Seitzinger, S.P., 1998. Denitrification in freshwater and
coastal marine environments: Ecological and
geochemical significance. Limnol. Oceanogr., 33(4),
702-724.
Seitzinger, S.P., Nixon, S.W. and Pilson, M.E.Q., 1984.
Denitrification and nitrous oxide production in a
coastal marine ecosystem. Limnol. Oceanogr., 29,
73-83.
Seitzinger, S.P., Nielsen, L.P., Caffrey, J. and Christensen,
P.B., 1993. Denitrification measurement in aquatic
sediments: A comparison of three methods. Biogeochem., 23, 147-167.
Shapleigh, J.P., 2000. The denitrifying prokaryotes. In:
Dworkin, M. et al. (eds), The Prokaryotes: An
Evolving Electronic Resource for the Microbiological
Community, 3rd edition, Springer-Verlag, New York.