ocean general circulation model (OGCM),
278
ocean general circulation model (OGCM),
179
orbital parameters, 298
oscillation, millennial, 185
oscillations, decadal, 278
oscillations, deep-decoupled millennial, 189
oscillations, deep-decoupling, 200
oscillations, interdecadal, 181
oscillations, internal, 189
oscillations, self-sustained, 390, 391, 394
Oseledec matrix, 94
Oseledec operator, 90
oxygen-isotope concentration, 299
ozone, 4, 5, 148, 163
Pacific North America pattern (PNA), 45,
46, 48, 50, 52, 53, 65
Pacific North American (PNA) mode, 277
Pacific North American (PNA) pattern,
114,130,139,163,174,175,273
phase space, 23, 25, 26
Pinatubo, 165, 302
planetary wave, 4
planetary wave propagation, 277
PNA regime, 146
potential vorticity, 132
power spectrum, 16
predictability, 84, 140, 205
predictability of climate, 163
predictability of the first kind, 86
predictability of the second kind, 123
predictability, decadal, 136
predictability, of climate change, 142, 147
predictability, of monsoons, 131
predictability, tropical, 109
principal component, 23
Principal Oscillation Pattern (POP), 171
Probability Density Function (PDF), 19,
28
projection operator, 95
proxy data, 386
Pseudo-Inverse Analysis, 107
Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), 8, 9,
22
quasi-geostrophic model (QGM), 100, 118
486
Quasigeostrophic Potential Vorticity (QPV),
412, 415, 418-420, 433, 435
radiation balance, 165, 317
radiation, Earth's, 308
radiation, incoming, 296
radiation, long wave, 318
radiation, outgoing, 324
radiation, short wave, 318
radiation, solar, 165, 298
radiation, terrestrial, 296, 300
radiation, ultraviolet, 164
radiative effect, 147
red noise, 13, 16, 34
red spectrum, 98
regime shift, 19
retarded oscillator, 175
Richardson number, 308
Rossby mode, 119
Rossby radius, 310, 419
Rossby wave, 146, 410, 411, 417
Rossby-wave structure, 118
salinity fiux, 337
salinity transport, 349
sea surface temperature (SST) 5 36 59
61-63,74,85, 158, 170', l~n, ;270'
sea-level pressure, 32
sensitivity gradient, 128
sensitivity pattern, 146
Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA), 386,
451
singular vector, 84, 89, 91, 95, 102, 107,
120
singular vector analysis, 85, 119, 123
singular vector growth, 92, 109
singular vector growth, transient, 92
singular vector, baroclinic, 102
Singular-Value Decomposition (SVD), 453
solar cycle, 384
solar output, 163
Southern Ocean, 400
Southern Oscillation Index (SOl) 19 64
70, 452
' , ,
Spectral Analysis Method, 459
spectral estimator, 438
spiciness, 369, 372
spring barrier effect, 119, 122
278
ocean general circulation model (OGCM),
179
orbital parameters, 298
oscillation, millennial, 185
oscillations, decadal, 278
oscillations, deep-decoupled millennial, 189
oscillations, deep-decoupling, 200
oscillations, interdecadal, 181
oscillations, internal, 189
oscillations, self-sustained, 390, 391, 394
Oseledec matrix, 94
Oseledec operator, 90
oxygen-isotope concentration, 299
ozone, 4, 5, 148, 163
Pacific North America pattern (PNA), 45,
46, 48, 50, 52, 53, 65
Pacific North American (PNA) mode, 277
Pacific North American (PNA) pattern,
114,130,139,163,174,175,273
phase space, 23, 25, 26
Pinatubo, 165, 302
planetary wave, 4
planetary wave propagation, 277
PNA regime, 146
potential vorticity, 132
power spectrum, 16
predictability, 84, 140, 205
predictability of climate, 163
predictability of the first kind, 86
predictability of the second kind, 123
predictability, decadal, 136
predictability, of climate change, 142, 147
predictability, of monsoons, 131
predictability, tropical, 109
principal component, 23
Principal Oscillation Pattern (POP), 171
Probability Density Function (PDF), 19,
28
projection operator, 95
proxy data, 386
Pseudo-Inverse Analysis, 107
Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), 8, 9,
22
quasi-geostrophic model (QGM), 100, 118
486
Quasigeostrophic Potential Vorticity (QPV),
412, 415, 418-420, 433, 435
radiation balance, 165, 317
radiation, Earth's, 308
radiation, incoming, 296
radiation, long wave, 318
radiation, outgoing, 324
radiation, short wave, 318
radiation, solar, 165, 298
radiation, terrestrial, 296, 300
radiation, ultraviolet, 164
radiative effect, 147
red noise, 13, 16, 34
red spectrum, 98
regime shift, 19
retarded oscillator, 175
Richardson number, 308
Rossby mode, 119
Rossby radius, 310, 419
Rossby wave, 146, 410, 411, 417
Rossby-wave structure, 118
salinity fiux, 337
salinity transport, 349
sea surface temperature (SST) 5 36 59
61-63,74,85, 158, 170', l~n, ;270'
sea-level pressure, 32
sensitivity gradient, 128
sensitivity pattern, 146
Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA), 386,
451
singular vector, 84, 89, 91, 95, 102, 107,
120
singular vector analysis, 85, 119, 123
singular vector growth, 92, 109
singular vector growth, transient, 92
singular vector, baroclinic, 102
Singular-Value Decomposition (SVD), 453
solar cycle, 384
solar output, 163
Southern Ocean, 400
Southern Oscillation Index (SOl) 19 64
70, 452
' , ,
Spectral Analysis Method, 459
spectral estimator, 438
spiciness, 369, 372
spring barrier effect, 119, 122