209
MANABE, S., AND K. BRYAN, 1985: C02-induced change in a coupled ocean- atmosphere
model and its paleoclimatic implications, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 11,689-11,707.
MANABE, S., AND R. J. STOUFFER, 1988: Two stable equilibria of a coupled oceanatmosphere model, J. Climate., 1, 841-866.
MANABE, S., AND R. J. STOUFFER, 1995: Low frequency variation of surface air temperature
in a 1,000 year integration of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Climate, submitted.
MAROTZKE, J., 1989: Instabilities and multiple steady states of the thermohaline circulation.
In: Oceanic Circulation Models: Combining Data and Dynamics, D. L. T. Anderson and
J. Willebrand, Eds., NATO ASI series, Kluwer, 501-511.
MAROTZKE, J., 1994: Ocean models in climate problems. In Ocean Processes in Climate
dynamics: Global and Mediterranean Examples. P. Malanotte and A.R. Robinson, eds.,
Kluwer, 79-109.
MARTINSON, D.G., K. BRYAN, M. GHIL, M.M. HALL, T.R. KARL, E.S. SARACHIK, S.
SOROOSH IAN, AND L.D. TALLEY, EDS, 1995: The Natural Variability of the Climate
System on Decade-to-Century Time Scales, National Academy Press, Washington D.C.,
in press.
MIKOLAJEWICZ, U. AND E. MAIER-REIMER, 1990: Internal secular variability in an ocean
general circulation model. Climate Dyn., 4, 145-156.
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL, 1994: Solar Influences on Global Change. National Academy
Press, Washington, DC, 163pp.
RIND, D., AND J. OVERPECK, 1993: Hypothesized causes of decadal-to-century- scale climate
variability: climate model results. Quat. Sci. Revs., 12, 357-374.
ROPELEWSKI, C.F., AND M.S. HALPERT, 1987: Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Nino/Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2352-2362.
SCHMITT, R. W., P. S. BOGDEN, AND C. E. DORMAN, 1989: Evaporation minus precipitation and density fluxes in the North Atlantic, J. Phys. Ocean., 19, 1208-1221.
SCHNEIDER, E.K., AND J.L. KINTER, III, 1994: An examination of internally generated
variability in long climate simulations. Climate Dyn., 10, 181-204.
SPALL, M.A., 1995: Dynamics of the Gulf Stream/deep western boundary current crossover.
Part II: Low frequency internal oscillations. J. Phys. Ocean., in press.
STOMMEL, H., 1961: Thermohaline convection with two stable regimes of flow. Tellus, 13,
224-230.
TAYLOR, G.!" 1921: Diffusion by continuous movements. Proc. Land. Math. Soc., 20, 196211.
TRENBERTH, K.E., AND J.W. HURRELL, 1994: Decadal atmosphere-ocean variations in the
Pacific. Climate Dyn., 9, 303-319.
WALLACE, J.M, Y. ZHANG, AND L. BAJUK, 1995: Interpretation of interdecadal trends in
Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature. J. Climate, 270,780-780.
WALLACE, J.M, Y. ZHANG, AND J. RENWICK, 1995: Dynamical contribution to hemispheric
temperature trends. Science, in press.
MANABE, S., AND K. BRYAN, 1985: C02-induced change in a coupled ocean- atmosphere
model and its paleoclimatic implications, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 11,689-11,707.
MANABE, S., AND R. J. STOUFFER, 1988: Two stable equilibria of a coupled oceanatmosphere model, J. Climate., 1, 841-866.
MANABE, S., AND R. J. STOUFFER, 1995: Low frequency variation of surface air temperature
in a 1,000 year integration of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Climate, submitted.
MAROTZKE, J., 1989: Instabilities and multiple steady states of the thermohaline circulation.
In: Oceanic Circulation Models: Combining Data and Dynamics, D. L. T. Anderson and
J. Willebrand, Eds., NATO ASI series, Kluwer, 501-511.
MAROTZKE, J., 1994: Ocean models in climate problems. In Ocean Processes in Climate
dynamics: Global and Mediterranean Examples. P. Malanotte and A.R. Robinson, eds.,
Kluwer, 79-109.
MARTINSON, D.G., K. BRYAN, M. GHIL, M.M. HALL, T.R. KARL, E.S. SARACHIK, S.
SOROOSH IAN, AND L.D. TALLEY, EDS, 1995: The Natural Variability of the Climate
System on Decade-to-Century Time Scales, National Academy Press, Washington D.C.,
in press.
MIKOLAJEWICZ, U. AND E. MAIER-REIMER, 1990: Internal secular variability in an ocean
general circulation model. Climate Dyn., 4, 145-156.
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL, 1994: Solar Influences on Global Change. National Academy
Press, Washington, DC, 163pp.
RIND, D., AND J. OVERPECK, 1993: Hypothesized causes of decadal-to-century- scale climate
variability: climate model results. Quat. Sci. Revs., 12, 357-374.
ROPELEWSKI, C.F., AND M.S. HALPERT, 1987: Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Nino/Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2352-2362.
SCHMITT, R. W., P. S. BOGDEN, AND C. E. DORMAN, 1989: Evaporation minus precipitation and density fluxes in the North Atlantic, J. Phys. Ocean., 19, 1208-1221.
SCHNEIDER, E.K., AND J.L. KINTER, III, 1994: An examination of internally generated
variability in long climate simulations. Climate Dyn., 10, 181-204.
SPALL, M.A., 1995: Dynamics of the Gulf Stream/deep western boundary current crossover.
Part II: Low frequency internal oscillations. J. Phys. Ocean., in press.
STOMMEL, H., 1961: Thermohaline convection with two stable regimes of flow. Tellus, 13,
224-230.
TAYLOR, G.!" 1921: Diffusion by continuous movements. Proc. Land. Math. Soc., 20, 196211.
TRENBERTH, K.E., AND J.W. HURRELL, 1994: Decadal atmosphere-ocean variations in the
Pacific. Climate Dyn., 9, 303-319.
WALLACE, J.M, Y. ZHANG, AND L. BAJUK, 1995: Interpretation of interdecadal trends in
Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature. J. Climate, 270,780-780.
WALLACE, J.M, Y. ZHANG, AND J. RENWICK, 1995: Dynamical contribution to hemispheric
temperature trends. Science, in press.