Contents
IX
5.3 Lipid Fluxes to the Deep Sea ........... ............ ................................ 130
5-4 Seasonal Variations in Lipid Flux .................................................. 131
5.5 Fate of Lipid Biomarkers .............................................................. 133
5.6 Summary ................................................................................ 137
Acknowledgements .................................................................... 137
References ................................. ............................................. 138
6
Organic Chemical Reaction Rates in the Ocean: Molecular
Approaches to Studying Extracellular Biochemical Processes.....
141
6.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 141
6.2 Oxidative Deamination of Amino Acids in Sea Water by
Cell Surface Deaminases ................... .......................
143
6.2.1 Synthesis of a Fluorescent Analog of L-lysine as Substrate
for Amino Acid Oxidases in the Ocean ..................................... 144
6.2.2 LYA-lysine as Substrate for Cell Surface Deaminases in Sea Water .... 146
6.3 Extracellular Hydrolysis of Peptides in Sea Water and Sediments ............. 149
6.3.1 Experimental Approaches to Studying Degradation of
Proteinaceous Material in the Ocean ....................................... 149
6.3.2 Rate Measurements ............................................................ 151
Acknowledgements ............. ..................................................... 156
References ............................................................................... 157
7
Vapour-Particle Phase Interactions of Some Selected Persistent
Organic Pollutants in the Marine Atmosphere ..........................
159
7.1 Introduction. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ... . . . .... . . . . . . . .. ................................. 159
7.2 Theory of Gas-Particle Interactions................................................ 159
7.2.1 Gas-Solid Interactions ......................................................... 159
7.2.2 Gas-Liquid Interactions ....................................................... 163
7.3 Practical Applications of Partitioning Theory ..................................... 163
7.3.1 PCBs.
.... . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . 165
7.3.2 Calculation of Air-Sea Fluxes ................................................ 166
7.3.3 Dry Deposition ................................................................. 166
7.3.4 Wet Deposition ................................................................. 167
7.3.5 Gas Phase Exchange Processes ............................................... 168
7.3.6 Determination of the Air Phase Transfer Velocity (k a ) through
Measurement of ra ............................................................. 169
7.3.7 Determination of the Water Phase Transfer Velocity (kw) ............... 170
7.4 Conclusions ............................................................................. 171
References ............................................................................... 171
Part III Metals and Organometallic Compounds in Marine Environments ... 173
8
Determination of Organic Complexation ....................................... 175
8.1 Introduction ............................................................................ 175
8.2 Metal Species in Solution ............................................................. 175
8.3 Determination of Organic Complexation Using ASV ............................ 176
8.4 Principle of Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry ....................... 177