Contents
XI
References ............................................................................... 226
12 119Sn Mossbauer Spectroscopy Studies on the
Interaction of Organotin(lV) Salts and Complexes
with Biological Systems and Molecules ......................................... 229
12.1 Introduction ............................................................................ 229
12.2 Analysis and Speciation of Organotins in the Environment .................... 230
12.3 Interaction of Organotin(IV) Compounds with Biological Systems ........... 231
12.4 Hemoglobin ............................................................................. 232
12.5 Deoxyribonucleic Acid ................................................................ 232
12.6 Interaction of Organotin(IV) Complexes with Deoxyribonucleic Acid,
and Ternary Systems RnSn(IV)-Amino Acid-Nucleic Acid ...................... 235
References ............................................................................... 241
13 Mercury in Marine Environments ................................................. 245
13.1 Introduction ............................................................................ 245
13.2 Mercury in the Environment ......................................................... 245
13.2.1 Chemical and Physical Properties ........................................... 245
13.2.2 Mercury Emissions ............................................................ 246
13.2.3 The Global Mercury Cycle .................................................... 247
13.3 Mercury in Coastal Marine Sediments ............................................. 249
13.4 Mercury in Waters ...................................................................... 251
1341 Baltic and North Seas .......................................................... 251
13.4.2 Mediterranean Sea ............................................................. 252
1343 The Pacific and Atlantic Oceans ............................................. 252
13.5 Toxicity of Mercury to Marine Life .................................................. 253
13.6 Mercury in the Marine Food Chain ................................................. 255
13.6.1 Bioaccumulation ............................................................... 255
13.6.2 Human Exposure to Methyl Mercury ....................................... 255
13.6.3 Human Exposure to Mercury in some Fish Eating Communities ...... 257
13.7 Conclusions ............................................................................. 260
References ............................................................................... 260
14 Occurrence, Formation and Fate of Organoantimony
Compounds in Marine and Terrestrial Environments ........................ 265
14.1 Occurrence of Organoantimony Compounds in Marine and
Terrestrial Environments ............................................................. 265
14.2 Analysis of Organoantimony Compounds ......................................... 268
14.2.1 Sample Preparation ............................................................ 268
14.2.2 Hydride Generation ........................................................... 268
14.2.3 Gas Chromatographic Separation ........................................... 269
14.2.4 Detection Systems .............................................................. 272
14.2.5 Conclusion ...................................................................... 274
14.3 Microbial Biotransformation of Antimony Compounds ......................... 274
14.3.1 Biomethylation of Antimony ................................................. 274
14.3.2 Bioreduction and Bio-Oxidation of Antimony ............................ 277
References ............................................................................... 278