50 4
R
rabbit 406
radiation 35-36, 40-43, 51, 57, 65, 74, 84-87, 99,
295, 388, 399, 415
-, absorption 84
-, electromagnetic 295
-, scattering 84
radical 54,87-89,91-93, 100-10l, 393
-, ·OH, source 92
-, free, biological emission 91
-, peroxy 92
-, superoxide anion 92
radiocarbon 428
radioelement 297
radioimmunoassay 408
radioisotope 176
radiolaria 142
radiolysis 302
radiometer 42-43
radionuclides 297, 300
rain 12,39-40,71,84,125,131,147-148,397
-, -water 12
-, particulate organic matter 125
rainfall 35,53, 66-67,73, 429
-, distribution 35
rare-earth element (REE) 72
-, African dust 72
rat 411
rate
-, accumulation 71, 109, 113-114, 151, 178
-, bacterial sulphate reduction 177
-, continental uplift 107
-, decomposition 133,155
-, sediment accumulation 71,113-114,151,178
-, weathering, sedimentary rocks 107
receptor 316, 410-411
recombinant 408-410,412
-, cell-based biosensor 409
Red Sea 26, 27
Redfield 170, 447, 469
-, ratio 170, 447
-, stoichiometry 469
redox 84,88,95-96,116,168-170,193,264,295,
397,455
-, global cycle 116
-, potential 264,397, 455
-, reaction 84,88,95-96,168-170,193,264,
295
REE see rare-earth element
refraction 40
refractive index 7
remainder tissue 347
remineralization 108,113,116,125-126,142,148,
152-153,155,158
remote observing vehicle (ROV) 480
reporter gene 408, 410-411
reptile 309, 315
reptiles 309
-, hermaphrodite 309
-, intersex 309
reservoir 105-107,116-117,119
Index
residence time 36, 40, 59, 61, 65, 94, 105, 114,
447,475
respiration 105, 107, 116, 118, 125, 180
retardant 337
retention 351
rhamnose 158
rhodochrosite 170
Rhone 329, 477
ribofuranoside 341
ribulose-1,5-biphosphate-carboxylase 424
ringed seal 318
RIS see Ross Ice Shelf
river 6, 9, 10, 12, 18, 26, 29-31, 94, 99, 329, 403,
412,41h422,426-42h455,470,474,476-478
-, Columbia 151, 470
-, conductivity 30
-, density 30
-, Johnstone 427-428
-, Mississippi 426
-,~ile 368,373-374,376,477
-, Po 329, 458-459, 470-471, 474-479
-, Rhone 329, 477
-, salt, concentration 9
-, St. Lawrence 29
R~A 367-368
rock 9,37,65,96,105,107,110,116-119,171,182,
429
-, sedimentary 107, 116, 119, 171
Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) 445, 452-453
Ross Sea (Antarctica) 445, 448, 453
ROV see remote observing vehicle
RUBP-carboxylase see ribulose-1,5-biphosphate-carboxylase
runoff 316
rutherfordine 30l
Rutilus rubilio 360,364-365
5
SA see sediment surface area 109,113-115,149
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 410
Sahara 69
salicylate 410
salinity 3,6-8,12-13,15-17,29-31,178,202,207,
221-222,227-234,236-240,248,250,258-260,
319,340,391,396,400-401,446-478
-, concept of 6
Salmonella typhimurium 411
salt 3,6,9,12-13,15,23,26-28,3°,36-37,39,45,
49-52, 57, 61, 76, 94-96, 99, 182, 211, 217,
223-224,226,228,232,235-238,241-242,
248- 249,261,283,290,300,340,406,445,456
-, concentration, river 9
-, dome 182
Samoa 46-47,55-56, 61
sand 65, 93, 110, 151
-, particle 65
Sargasso Sea 73,127,129-131,134,139
satellite 41-44, 47, 53, 58, 72, 127, 129
saturation 20,106,152,157-160,172,181,472
-, pore water 181
SC see semiconductor 88
R
rabbit 406
radiation 35-36, 40-43, 51, 57, 65, 74, 84-87, 99,
295, 388, 399, 415
-, absorption 84
-, electromagnetic 295
-, scattering 84
radical 54,87-89,91-93, 100-10l, 393
-, ·OH, source 92
-, free, biological emission 91
-, peroxy 92
-, superoxide anion 92
radiocarbon 428
radioelement 297
radioimmunoassay 408
radioisotope 176
radiolaria 142
radiolysis 302
radiometer 42-43
radionuclides 297, 300
rain 12,39-40,71,84,125,131,147-148,397
-, -water 12
-, particulate organic matter 125
rainfall 35,53, 66-67,73, 429
-, distribution 35
rare-earth element (REE) 72
-, African dust 72
rat 411
rate
-, accumulation 71, 109, 113-114, 151, 178
-, bacterial sulphate reduction 177
-, continental uplift 107
-, decomposition 133,155
-, sediment accumulation 71,113-114,151,178
-, weathering, sedimentary rocks 107
receptor 316, 410-411
recombinant 408-410,412
-, cell-based biosensor 409
Red Sea 26, 27
Redfield 170, 447, 469
-, ratio 170, 447
-, stoichiometry 469
redox 84,88,95-96,116,168-170,193,264,295,
397,455
-, global cycle 116
-, potential 264,397, 455
-, reaction 84,88,95-96,168-170,193,264,
295
REE see rare-earth element
refraction 40
refractive index 7
remainder tissue 347
remineralization 108,113,116,125-126,142,148,
152-153,155,158
remote observing vehicle (ROV) 480
reporter gene 408, 410-411
reptile 309, 315
reptiles 309
-, hermaphrodite 309
-, intersex 309
reservoir 105-107,116-117,119
Index
residence time 36, 40, 59, 61, 65, 94, 105, 114,
447,475
respiration 105, 107, 116, 118, 125, 180
retardant 337
retention 351
rhamnose 158
rhodochrosite 170
Rhone 329, 477
ribofuranoside 341
ribulose-1,5-biphosphate-carboxylase 424
ringed seal 318
RIS see Ross Ice Shelf
river 6, 9, 10, 12, 18, 26, 29-31, 94, 99, 329, 403,
412,41h422,426-42h455,470,474,476-478
-, Columbia 151, 470
-, conductivity 30
-, density 30
-, Johnstone 427-428
-, Mississippi 426
-,~ile 368,373-374,376,477
-, Po 329, 458-459, 470-471, 474-479
-, Rhone 329, 477
-, salt, concentration 9
-, St. Lawrence 29
R~A 367-368
rock 9,37,65,96,105,107,110,116-119,171,182,
429
-, sedimentary 107, 116, 119, 171
Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) 445, 452-453
Ross Sea (Antarctica) 445, 448, 453
ROV see remote observing vehicle
RUBP-carboxylase see ribulose-1,5-biphosphate-carboxylase
runoff 316
rutherfordine 30l
Rutilus rubilio 360,364-365
5
SA see sediment surface area 109,113-115,149
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 410
Sahara 69
salicylate 410
salinity 3,6-8,12-13,15-17,29-31,178,202,207,
221-222,227-234,236-240,248,250,258-260,
319,340,391,396,400-401,446-478
-, concept of 6
Salmonella typhimurium 411
salt 3,6,9,12-13,15,23,26-28,3°,36-37,39,45,
49-52, 57, 61, 76, 94-96, 99, 182, 211, 217,
223-224,226,228,232,235-238,241-242,
248- 249,261,283,290,300,340,406,445,456
-, concentration, river 9
-, dome 182
Samoa 46-47,55-56, 61
sand 65, 93, 110, 151
-, particle 65
Sargasso Sea 73,127,129-131,134,139
satellite 41-44, 47, 53, 58, 72, 127, 129
saturation 20,106,152,157-160,172,181,472
-, pore water 181
SC see semiconductor 88