Index
-, African, rare-earth element (REE) 72
-, belt 65
-, composition 69
-, concentration 43, 67-68, 73
-, global budget 65-66, 70
-, global cycle 70
-, global distribution 64
-, mineral 37, 39, 41, 45, 50, 61, 64, 66-67, 76
-, concentration 66-67
-, marine atmosphere 64
-, region 66
-, soil 41, 50, 64
-, source 65
-,sources 65-66,69
-, transport 67, 70, 73
E
EA see equilibrium analysis
eagle 317
EAOT see equivalent aerosol optical thickness
Earth 39-40,68,72,105-106,116,388,423,437
ecosystem 96, 166, 169, 185, 241, 319, 325, 335,
338, 34h 349, 391-392, 426, 428, 469-470, 475
ecotoxicant 325
ecotoxicological 335
ectodermal 368
EOCs see endocrine-disrupting compounds
Edward VII Land 445
EF see enrichment factor
effect, Twomey 58
effluent 313, 316, 410-411
egg 312,315-316, 359, 361, 367
eggshell 309,316
-, thinning 309, 316
-, top predator birds 309
Eh 165, 194, 458
El Niiio 57, 434, 437
electrochemiluminescence 405- 406
electrolyte 3, 12, 18, 23-26, 29, 199-201, 264,
266-268,271-272,274-278,283,286-289,
290- 291, 456
-, mixed solution, transport property 29
electron 84, 88-89, 92, 95-96, 99-100, 107, 109,
116,147,150,169-170, 173, 264> 287, 302, 359, 391
-,transport 84,95-96,391
electrostriction 19,21-22
ELISA see enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
elucidation 349, 423
embryo 316, 356-359, 361, 366-367, 369-370
Emiliania huxleyi 54, 433, 435, 441
emission 36,39, 41, 45-46, 48, 52, 54-55, 59, 60,
62-63, 74> 87, 91, 387-388, 392, 405, 407, 409, 456
-, biological, free radical 91
-, dimethylsulphide (OMS) 48,55
-, NH3, biomass burning 60
-,NHx 60
-, NO x 61
emitter 393
enantiomer 318
endocrine 309-311,313-316,318-319, 410
-, disruption 316-319
493
-, system 309-310, 313-314
endocrine-disrupting compounds (EOCs) 410
enrichment factor (EF) 68-69
enthalpy 26, 200, 203
enzyme 91,95,386,404,410,424
-, exo- 130, 149
-, immunoassay 404
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
404,408
EPA see U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
epithelium 374,376
epoxide 161
equator 44, 57, 72, 87, 132, 134, 136-140, 390
-, Africa 44
equilibrium, isocoulombic 290, 291
equilibrium analysis (EA) 263, 295-296, 299, 301
equivalence 32
equivalent aerosol optical thickness (EAOT)
41-43,66
ER-CALUX see oestrogen receptor-mediated,
chemical-activated luciferase reporter geneexpression bioassay
erosion 116, 121
eruption 52
Escherichia coli 410-411
-, recN 411
ester 133, 140, 406
estuarine 6,13,15-16,18,30,90,178,395,398,473
-, system 6, 13, 15
estuary 8-9,11-12,26,85,151,182,329,395,470
ethylenediamine 233, 399
etiology 318
Euphausia superba 347
euphotic zone 83-84, 86, 94-95, 97-99, 125-128,
132-133,135,140,391,430-431
Europe 41-42, 45, 61-64, 66, 69, 328, 331, 391,
406-407, 456, 474
European Commission 406
European Union, drinking water level 407
europium 406
eutrophic 132, 470
eutrophication 470, 474
evaporation 6-8, 12-14, 40, 221
-, basin 8
excreta, domesticated animals 60
excretion 94, 139, 238, 318, 343, 459
exocrine 373
exoenzyme 130,149
exopolymer 474
extraction, selective method 456
extraterrestrial 84
F
FAA see free amino acids
faecal 128, 130, 139, 142, 147, 469
-, pellets 128, 130, 139, 142, 147, 469
Falco perigrinus 316
falcon 316
fallout 65
fatty acid 95,128,132-133,135-136,139,157-159,226
-, flux 132
-, African, rare-earth element (REE) 72
-, belt 65
-, composition 69
-, concentration 43, 67-68, 73
-, global budget 65-66, 70
-, global cycle 70
-, global distribution 64
-, mineral 37, 39, 41, 45, 50, 61, 64, 66-67, 76
-, concentration 66-67
-, marine atmosphere 64
-, region 66
-, soil 41, 50, 64
-, source 65
-,sources 65-66,69
-, transport 67, 70, 73
E
EA see equilibrium analysis
eagle 317
EAOT see equivalent aerosol optical thickness
Earth 39-40,68,72,105-106,116,388,423,437
ecosystem 96, 166, 169, 185, 241, 319, 325, 335,
338, 34h 349, 391-392, 426, 428, 469-470, 475
ecotoxicant 325
ecotoxicological 335
ectodermal 368
EOCs see endocrine-disrupting compounds
Edward VII Land 445
EF see enrichment factor
effect, Twomey 58
effluent 313, 316, 410-411
egg 312,315-316, 359, 361, 367
eggshell 309,316
-, thinning 309, 316
-, top predator birds 309
Eh 165, 194, 458
El Niiio 57, 434, 437
electrochemiluminescence 405- 406
electrolyte 3, 12, 18, 23-26, 29, 199-201, 264,
266-268,271-272,274-278,283,286-289,
290- 291, 456
-, mixed solution, transport property 29
electron 84, 88-89, 92, 95-96, 99-100, 107, 109,
116,147,150,169-170, 173, 264> 287, 302, 359, 391
-,transport 84,95-96,391
electrostriction 19,21-22
ELISA see enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
elucidation 349, 423
embryo 316, 356-359, 361, 366-367, 369-370
Emiliania huxleyi 54, 433, 435, 441
emission 36,39, 41, 45-46, 48, 52, 54-55, 59, 60,
62-63, 74> 87, 91, 387-388, 392, 405, 407, 409, 456
-, biological, free radical 91
-, dimethylsulphide (OMS) 48,55
-, NH3, biomass burning 60
-,NHx 60
-, NO x 61
emitter 393
enantiomer 318
endocrine 309-311,313-316,318-319, 410
-, disruption 316-319
493
-, system 309-310, 313-314
endocrine-disrupting compounds (EOCs) 410
enrichment factor (EF) 68-69
enthalpy 26, 200, 203
enzyme 91,95,386,404,410,424
-, exo- 130, 149
-, immunoassay 404
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
404,408
EPA see U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
epithelium 374,376
epoxide 161
equator 44, 57, 72, 87, 132, 134, 136-140, 390
-, Africa 44
equilibrium, isocoulombic 290, 291
equilibrium analysis (EA) 263, 295-296, 299, 301
equivalence 32
equivalent aerosol optical thickness (EAOT)
41-43,66
ER-CALUX see oestrogen receptor-mediated,
chemical-activated luciferase reporter geneexpression bioassay
erosion 116, 121
eruption 52
Escherichia coli 410-411
-, recN 411
ester 133, 140, 406
estuarine 6,13,15-16,18,30,90,178,395,398,473
-, system 6, 13, 15
estuary 8-9,11-12,26,85,151,182,329,395,470
ethylenediamine 233, 399
etiology 318
Euphausia superba 347
euphotic zone 83-84, 86, 94-95, 97-99, 125-128,
132-133,135,140,391,430-431
Europe 41-42, 45, 61-64, 66, 69, 328, 331, 391,
406-407, 456, 474
European Commission 406
European Union, drinking water level 407
europium 406
eutrophic 132, 470
eutrophication 470, 474
evaporation 6-8, 12-14, 40, 221
-, basin 8
excreta, domesticated animals 60
excretion 94, 139, 238, 318, 343, 459
exocrine 373
exoenzyme 130,149
exopolymer 474
extraction, selective method 456
extraterrestrial 84
F
FAA see free amino acids
faecal 128, 130, 139, 142, 147, 469
-, pellets 128, 130, 139, 142, 147, 469
Falco perigrinus 316
falcon 316
fallout 65
fatty acid 95,128,132-133,135-136,139,157-159,226
-, flux 132