362
L. Pellerito· R. Barbieri· R. Di Stefano . M. Scopelliti . C. Pellerito . T. Fiore . F. Triolo
Fig. 1 S.20. Structure of
arnoxicillin, adapted from
Pellerito et aI. (1995)
Fig. 1 S.21. Chromosome aberrations obtained from different
giemsa stained spreads of
treated Aphanius Jasciatus
specimens; A = chromosomes
with irregular staining;
B = chromosomes with black
granular regions;
C = breakages;
D = chromosomes with arms
different in length and
E = chromosomes with
pseudochiasmata, adapted from
Vitturi et al. (1994)
OH
H~ 'l' 6 ' 1
.
5'
H ~4' 0
H ~ 5 CH
II
NJ j C
t
:Sq2 CH
J
3Hp
- C- C- Hs
6
3
11 3
H
110 9
7 N4
COONH!
0
H
Exposure to different concentrations of butyltin(IV)chlorides affected phagocytic
activity of Ciona intestinalis and of Botryllus schlosseri haemocytes, mainly by influencing cellular calcium homeostasis by interacting with calcium pumps (Cima et al.
1995), while dibutyltin(IV)dichloride, triphenyltin(IV)chloride and diphenyltin(IV)dichloride did not show significant effects on phagocytosis (Cooper et al. 1995)
(Figs. 15.23 and 15.24).
On the other hand, tributyltin(IV) derivatives induced apoptosis (Fig. 15.25) in
Botryllus schlosseri haemocytes (Cima and Ballarin 1999), as evidenced by: (i) chro-