16
F. J. Millero
Salinity
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
30
25
1:
20
v
~
'0 15
x
~
I
S 10
5 l /
10 Measured
Calculated
°C
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Fraction of sea water
Fig. 1.13. A comparison of the measured densities for estuarine waters with those calculated at the same
salinity
Table 1.3. Comparisons of the
measured and calculated denIonic strength
Salinity
lip(Meas) -p(Calc) (ppm)
sity of sea water at 25°C as a
function of ionic strength and
0.11
5
-4
salinity
0.21
10
-7
0.31
15
-7
0.41
20
-5
0.51
25
0.61
30
11
0.72
35
24
0.83
40
34
where ~TA, ~TCa2' and ~Si02 are respectively the changes in total alkalinity, total carbon dioxide, and silica (mmol kg -I). It should be pointed out that the changes in TA
and TCa2 are normalized to the values for the surface sea water used to determine the
equation of state of sea water (TA = 2.332 and TCa2 = 2.226 mmol kg- I when S = 35).
This equation was modified by Millero et al. (1976b), using more reliable partial
molar volume for SiOz and considering the effect of added N0 3 as HN0 3 • They obtained: