CHAPTER 8 . Speciation of Metals in Natural Waters
219
Kramer CJM, Duinker JC (1984) Complexation capacity and conditional stability constants for copper
of sea and estuarine waters, sediment extracts and colloids. In: Kramer CJM, Duinker JC (eds)
Complexation of trace metals in natural waters. Nijhoff/Junk, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp 217-228
Kuma K, Nishioka J, Matsunaga K (1996) Controls on iron(III) hydroxide solubility in seawater: The
influence of pH and natural organic chelators. Limnol Oceanogr 41:396
Liu SX, Millero FJ (1999) The solubility of iron in sodium chloride solutions. Geochim Cosmochim Acta
63:3487-3497
Liu SX, Millero FJ (2002) The solubility of iron in seawater. Mar Chern 17:43-54
Mantoura RFC, Dickson A, Riley JP (1978) The complexation of metals with humic materials in natural
waters. Est Coastal Mar Sci 6:387-408
Mehrbach C, Culberson CH, Hawley JE, Pytkowicz RM (1973) Measurement of the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater at atmospheric pressure. Limnol Oceanogr 18:897-907
Millero FJ (1979a) Effects of pressure and temperature on activity coefficients. In: Pytkowicz RM (ed)
Activity coefficients in electrolyte solutions, vol II. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 63-151
Millero FJ (1979b) The thermodynamics of the carbonate system in seawater. Geochim Cosmochim Acta
43:1651- 1661
Millero FJ (1982) Use of models to determine ionic interactions in the natural waters. Thalassia
Jugoslavica 1-4:253-291
Millero FJ (1986) The pH of estuarine waters. Limnol Oceanogr 31(4):839-847
Millero FJ (1990a) Effect of speciation on the rates of oxidation of metals. In: Melchior D, Bassett R (eds)
Chemical modeling in aqueous systems II. ACS Books, Washington D.C., pp 447-460
Millero FJ (1990b) Marine solution chemistry and ionic interactions. Mar Chern 30:205-229
Millero FJ (1992) Stability constants for the formation of rare earth inorganic complexes as a function
of ionic strength. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56:3123-3132
Millero FJ (1995) Thermodynamics of carbon dioxide system in the oceans. Geochim Cosmochim Acta
59:661-677
Millero FJ (1998) Solubility of Fe(III) in seawater. Earth Planet Sci Lett 154:323-330
Millero FJ (1996) Chemical oceanography. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Millero FJ (2001) The physical chemistry of natural waters. Wiley Scientific, N.Y.
Millero FJ, Hawke DJ (1992) Ionic interactions of divalent metals in natural waters. Mar Chern 40:19-48
Millero FJ, Pierrot D (1998) A chemical model for natural waters. Aquatic Geochem 4:153-199
Millero FJ, Roy R (1997) A chemical model for the carbonate system in natural waters. Croatia Chemica
Acta 70:1-38
Millero FJ, Schreiber DR (1982) Use of the ion pairing model to estimate activity coefficients of the ionic
components of natural waters. Am J Sci 282:1508-1540
Millero FJ,Plese T, Fernandez M (1988) The dissociation of hydrogen sulfide in seawater. Limnol Oceanogr
33:269-274
Millero FJ, Sharma VK, Karn B (1991) The rate of reduction of Cu(II) with hydrogen peroxide in seawater.
Mar Chern 36:71-83
Millero FJ, Johnson R, Vega C, Sharma VK, Sotolongo S (1992) The effect of ionic interactions on the
rates of reduction of CU(II) with H20 2 in aqueous solutions. J Solution Chern 21:1271-1287
Millero FJ, Yao W,Aicher J (1995) The speciation ofFe(II) and Fe(I1I) in natural waters. Mar Chern 50:21-39
Moffett JW, Zika RG (1987) Solvent extraction of copper acetylacetonate in studies of copper (II)
speciation in seawater. Mar Chern 21:301-313
M0ller N (1988) The prediction of mineral solubilities in natural waters: A chemical equilibrium model
for the Na-Ca-Cl-S04-H20 system, to high temperature and concentration. Geochim Cosmochim
Acta 52:821-837
Mucci A (1983) The solubility of calcite and aragonite in seawater at various salinities, temperatures and
one atmosphere total pressure. Am J Sci 283:780-799
Pabalan RT, Pitzer KS (1987) Thermodynamics of concentrated electrolyte mixtures and the prediction
of mineral solubilities to high temperature for mixtures in the system Na-K-Mg-Cl-S04-OH-H20.
Geochim Cosmochim Acta 51:2429-2443
Pitzer KS (1975) Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Y. Effects of higher order electrostatic terms. J Solution Chern 3:249-265
Pitzer KS (1979) Theory: Ion interaction approach. In: Pytkowicz RM (ed) Activity coefficients in electrolyte solutions, vol I. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 157-208
Pitzer KS (1991) Theory: Ion interaction approach: Theory and data collection. In: Pitzer KS (ed) Activity coefficients in electrolyte solutions, 2nd edn, vol I. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 75-153
Pitzer KS, Kim JJ (1974) Thermodynamics of electrolytes. IY.Activity and osmotic coefficients for mixed
electrolytes. J Am Chern Soc 96:5701-5707
Pitzer KS, Mayorga G (1973) Thermodynamics of electrolytes. II. Activity and osmotic coefficients for
strong electrolytes with one or both ions univalent. J Phys Chern 77:2300-2308
219
Kramer CJM, Duinker JC (1984) Complexation capacity and conditional stability constants for copper
of sea and estuarine waters, sediment extracts and colloids. In: Kramer CJM, Duinker JC (eds)
Complexation of trace metals in natural waters. Nijhoff/Junk, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp 217-228
Kuma K, Nishioka J, Matsunaga K (1996) Controls on iron(III) hydroxide solubility in seawater: The
influence of pH and natural organic chelators. Limnol Oceanogr 41:396
Liu SX, Millero FJ (1999) The solubility of iron in sodium chloride solutions. Geochim Cosmochim Acta
63:3487-3497
Liu SX, Millero FJ (2002) The solubility of iron in seawater. Mar Chern 17:43-54
Mantoura RFC, Dickson A, Riley JP (1978) The complexation of metals with humic materials in natural
waters. Est Coastal Mar Sci 6:387-408
Mehrbach C, Culberson CH, Hawley JE, Pytkowicz RM (1973) Measurement of the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater at atmospheric pressure. Limnol Oceanogr 18:897-907
Millero FJ (1979a) Effects of pressure and temperature on activity coefficients. In: Pytkowicz RM (ed)
Activity coefficients in electrolyte solutions, vol II. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 63-151
Millero FJ (1979b) The thermodynamics of the carbonate system in seawater. Geochim Cosmochim Acta
43:1651- 1661
Millero FJ (1982) Use of models to determine ionic interactions in the natural waters. Thalassia
Jugoslavica 1-4:253-291
Millero FJ (1986) The pH of estuarine waters. Limnol Oceanogr 31(4):839-847
Millero FJ (1990a) Effect of speciation on the rates of oxidation of metals. In: Melchior D, Bassett R (eds)
Chemical modeling in aqueous systems II. ACS Books, Washington D.C., pp 447-460
Millero FJ (1990b) Marine solution chemistry and ionic interactions. Mar Chern 30:205-229
Millero FJ (1992) Stability constants for the formation of rare earth inorganic complexes as a function
of ionic strength. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56:3123-3132
Millero FJ (1995) Thermodynamics of carbon dioxide system in the oceans. Geochim Cosmochim Acta
59:661-677
Millero FJ (1998) Solubility of Fe(III) in seawater. Earth Planet Sci Lett 154:323-330
Millero FJ (1996) Chemical oceanography. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Millero FJ (2001) The physical chemistry of natural waters. Wiley Scientific, N.Y.
Millero FJ, Hawke DJ (1992) Ionic interactions of divalent metals in natural waters. Mar Chern 40:19-48
Millero FJ, Pierrot D (1998) A chemical model for natural waters. Aquatic Geochem 4:153-199
Millero FJ, Roy R (1997) A chemical model for the carbonate system in natural waters. Croatia Chemica
Acta 70:1-38
Millero FJ, Schreiber DR (1982) Use of the ion pairing model to estimate activity coefficients of the ionic
components of natural waters. Am J Sci 282:1508-1540
Millero FJ,Plese T, Fernandez M (1988) The dissociation of hydrogen sulfide in seawater. Limnol Oceanogr
33:269-274
Millero FJ, Sharma VK, Karn B (1991) The rate of reduction of Cu(II) with hydrogen peroxide in seawater.
Mar Chern 36:71-83
Millero FJ, Johnson R, Vega C, Sharma VK, Sotolongo S (1992) The effect of ionic interactions on the
rates of reduction of CU(II) with H20 2 in aqueous solutions. J Solution Chern 21:1271-1287
Millero FJ, Yao W,Aicher J (1995) The speciation ofFe(II) and Fe(I1I) in natural waters. Mar Chern 50:21-39
Moffett JW, Zika RG (1987) Solvent extraction of copper acetylacetonate in studies of copper (II)
speciation in seawater. Mar Chern 21:301-313
M0ller N (1988) The prediction of mineral solubilities in natural waters: A chemical equilibrium model
for the Na-Ca-Cl-S04-H20 system, to high temperature and concentration. Geochim Cosmochim
Acta 52:821-837
Mucci A (1983) The solubility of calcite and aragonite in seawater at various salinities, temperatures and
one atmosphere total pressure. Am J Sci 283:780-799
Pabalan RT, Pitzer KS (1987) Thermodynamics of concentrated electrolyte mixtures and the prediction
of mineral solubilities to high temperature for mixtures in the system Na-K-Mg-Cl-S04-OH-H20.
Geochim Cosmochim Acta 51:2429-2443
Pitzer KS (1975) Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Y. Effects of higher order electrostatic terms. J Solution Chern 3:249-265
Pitzer KS (1979) Theory: Ion interaction approach. In: Pytkowicz RM (ed) Activity coefficients in electrolyte solutions, vol I. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 157-208
Pitzer KS (1991) Theory: Ion interaction approach: Theory and data collection. In: Pitzer KS (ed) Activity coefficients in electrolyte solutions, 2nd edn, vol I. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 75-153
Pitzer KS, Kim JJ (1974) Thermodynamics of electrolytes. IY.Activity and osmotic coefficients for mixed
electrolytes. J Am Chern Soc 96:5701-5707
Pitzer KS, Mayorga G (1973) Thermodynamics of electrolytes. II. Activity and osmotic coefficients for
strong electrolytes with one or both ions univalent. J Phys Chern 77:2300-2308