66
Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living
Goldbogen, J.A., J. Calambokidis, E. Oleson et al. 2011. Mechanics, hydrodynamics and energetics
of blue whale lunge feeding: Efficiency dependence on krill density. Journal of Experimental
Biology 214(1): 131–146.
Goldbogen, J.A., N.D. Pyenson, and R.E. Shadwick. 2007. Big gulps require high drag for fin whale
lunge feeding. Marine Ecology Progress Series 349: 289–301.
Heim, N.A., M.L. Knope, E.K. Schaal, S.C. Wang, and J.L. Payne. 2015. Cope’s rule in the evolution of
marine animals. Science 347(6224): 867–870.
Hudson, L.N., N.J. Isaac, and D.C. Reuman. 2013. The relationship between body mass and field metabolic rate among individual birds and mammals. Journal of Animal Ecology 82(5): 1009–1020.
Hui, C.A. 1989. Surfacing behavior and ventilation in free-ranging dolphins. Journal of Mammalogy:
833–835.
Kleiber, M. 1975. The Fire of Life: An Introduction to Animal Energetics, 2nd edn. New York: Kreiger.
Kreite, B. 1994. Bioenergetics of the killer whale, Orcinus orca. PhD thesis, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Liwanag, H.E., A. Berta, D.P. Costa, M. Abney, and T.M. Williams. 2012. Morphological and thermal
properties of mammalian insulation: The evolution of fur for aquatic living. Biological Journal
of the Linnean Society 106(4): 926–939.
Maresh, J.L. 2014. Bioenergetics of marine mammals: The influence of body size, reproductive status, locomotion and phylogeny on metabolism. PhD thesis, University of California, Santa
Cruz, CA.
Maresh, J.L., T. Adachi, A. Takahashi et al. in review. Summing the strokes: Energy economy in
northern elephant seals during large-scale foraging migrations. Movement Ecology.
Maresh, J.L., S.E. Simmons, D.E. Crocker, B.I. McDonald, T.M. Williams, and D.P. Costa. 2014. Freeswimming northern elephant seals have low field metabolic rates that are sensitive to an
increased cost of transport. Journal of Experimental Biology 217(9): 1485–1495.
Mate, B.R., V.Y. Ilyashenko, A.L. Bradford, V.V. Vertyankin, G.A. Tsidulko, V.V. Rozhnov, and L.M.
Irvine. 2015. Critically endangered western gray whales migrate to the eastern North Pacific.
Biology Letters. 11(4):20150071. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0071.
McDonald, B.I. and P.J. Ponganis. 2014. Deep-diving sea lions exhibit extreme bradycardia in longduration dives. Journal of Experimental Biology 217(9): 1525–1534.
Miller, P.J., M.P. Johnson, P.L. Tyack, and E.A. Terray. 2004. Swimming gaits, passive drag and
buoyancy of diving sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus. Journal of Experimental Biology
207(11): 1953–1967.
Mitani, Y., R.D. Andrews, K. Sato, A. Kato, Y. Naito, and D.P. Costa. 2009. Three-dimensional resting behaviour of northern elephant seals: Drifting like a falling leaf. Biology Letters. 6: 163–166.
rsbl20090719.
Nagy, K.A. 2005. Field metabolic rate and body size. Journal of Experimental Biology 208(9): 1621–1625.
New, L.F., J. Harwood, L. Thomas et al. 2013. Modelling the biological significance of behavioural change in coastal bottlenose dolphins in response to disturbance. Functional Ecology
27(2): 314–322.
Noren, S.R., T. Kendall, V. Cuccurullo, and T.M. Williams. 2012. The dive response redefined:
Underwater behavior influences cardiac variability in freely diving dolphins. Journal of
Experimental Biology 215(16): 2735–2741.
Nowacek, D.P., M.P. Johnson, P.L. Tyack, K.A. Shorter, W.A. McLellan, and D.A. Pabst. 2001. Buoyant
balaenids: The ups and downs of buoyancy in right whales. Proceedings of the Royal Society of
London B: Biological Sciences 268(1478): 1811–1816.
Porter, W.P. and M. Kearney. 2009. Size, shape, and the thermal niche of endotherms. Proceedings of
the National Academy of Sciences 106(Supplement 2): 19666–19672.
Ridgway, S.H., D.A. Carder, and W. Clark. 1975. Conditioned bradycardia in the sea lion Zalophus
californianus. Nature 256: 37–38.
Riedman, M. and J.A. Estes. 1990. The sea otter (Enhydra lutris): Behavior, ecology, and natural history. Biological Report (USA), No. 90(14). Biological Report of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service,
90, 126pp.
Rosen, D.A.S. and A.W. Trites. 2002. Cost of transport in Steller sea lions, Eumetopias jubatus. Marine
Mammal Science 18(2): 513–524.
Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living
Goldbogen, J.A., J. Calambokidis, E. Oleson et al. 2011. Mechanics, hydrodynamics and energetics
of blue whale lunge feeding: Efficiency dependence on krill density. Journal of Experimental
Biology 214(1): 131–146.
Goldbogen, J.A., N.D. Pyenson, and R.E. Shadwick. 2007. Big gulps require high drag for fin whale
lunge feeding. Marine Ecology Progress Series 349: 289–301.
Heim, N.A., M.L. Knope, E.K. Schaal, S.C. Wang, and J.L. Payne. 2015. Cope’s rule in the evolution of
marine animals. Science 347(6224): 867–870.
Hudson, L.N., N.J. Isaac, and D.C. Reuman. 2013. The relationship between body mass and field metabolic rate among individual birds and mammals. Journal of Animal Ecology 82(5): 1009–1020.
Hui, C.A. 1989. Surfacing behavior and ventilation in free-ranging dolphins. Journal of Mammalogy:
833–835.
Kleiber, M. 1975. The Fire of Life: An Introduction to Animal Energetics, 2nd edn. New York: Kreiger.
Kreite, B. 1994. Bioenergetics of the killer whale, Orcinus orca. PhD thesis, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Liwanag, H.E., A. Berta, D.P. Costa, M. Abney, and T.M. Williams. 2012. Morphological and thermal
properties of mammalian insulation: The evolution of fur for aquatic living. Biological Journal
of the Linnean Society 106(4): 926–939.
Maresh, J.L. 2014. Bioenergetics of marine mammals: The influence of body size, reproductive status, locomotion and phylogeny on metabolism. PhD thesis, University of California, Santa
Cruz, CA.
Maresh, J.L., T. Adachi, A. Takahashi et al. in review. Summing the strokes: Energy economy in
northern elephant seals during large-scale foraging migrations. Movement Ecology.
Maresh, J.L., S.E. Simmons, D.E. Crocker, B.I. McDonald, T.M. Williams, and D.P. Costa. 2014. Freeswimming northern elephant seals have low field metabolic rates that are sensitive to an
increased cost of transport. Journal of Experimental Biology 217(9): 1485–1495.
Mate, B.R., V.Y. Ilyashenko, A.L. Bradford, V.V. Vertyankin, G.A. Tsidulko, V.V. Rozhnov, and L.M.
Irvine. 2015. Critically endangered western gray whales migrate to the eastern North Pacific.
Biology Letters. 11(4):20150071. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0071.
McDonald, B.I. and P.J. Ponganis. 2014. Deep-diving sea lions exhibit extreme bradycardia in longduration dives. Journal of Experimental Biology 217(9): 1525–1534.
Miller, P.J., M.P. Johnson, P.L. Tyack, and E.A. Terray. 2004. Swimming gaits, passive drag and
buoyancy of diving sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus. Journal of Experimental Biology
207(11): 1953–1967.
Mitani, Y., R.D. Andrews, K. Sato, A. Kato, Y. Naito, and D.P. Costa. 2009. Three-dimensional resting behaviour of northern elephant seals: Drifting like a falling leaf. Biology Letters. 6: 163–166.
rsbl20090719.
Nagy, K.A. 2005. Field metabolic rate and body size. Journal of Experimental Biology 208(9): 1621–1625.
New, L.F., J. Harwood, L. Thomas et al. 2013. Modelling the biological significance of behavioural change in coastal bottlenose dolphins in response to disturbance. Functional Ecology
27(2): 314–322.
Noren, S.R., T. Kendall, V. Cuccurullo, and T.M. Williams. 2012. The dive response redefined:
Underwater behavior influences cardiac variability in freely diving dolphins. Journal of
Experimental Biology 215(16): 2735–2741.
Nowacek, D.P., M.P. Johnson, P.L. Tyack, K.A. Shorter, W.A. McLellan, and D.A. Pabst. 2001. Buoyant
balaenids: The ups and downs of buoyancy in right whales. Proceedings of the Royal Society of
London B: Biological Sciences 268(1478): 1811–1816.
Porter, W.P. and M. Kearney. 2009. Size, shape, and the thermal niche of endotherms. Proceedings of
the National Academy of Sciences 106(Supplement 2): 19666–19672.
Ridgway, S.H., D.A. Carder, and W. Clark. 1975. Conditioned bradycardia in the sea lion Zalophus
californianus. Nature 256: 37–38.
Riedman, M. and J.A. Estes. 1990. The sea otter (Enhydra lutris): Behavior, ecology, and natural history. Biological Report (USA), No. 90(14). Biological Report of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service,
90, 126pp.
Rosen, D.A.S. and A.W. Trites. 2002. Cost of transport in Steller sea lions, Eumetopias jubatus. Marine
Mammal Science 18(2): 513–524.