65
Chapter three: Exercise energetics
Butler, P.J., J.A. Green, I.L., Boyd, and J.R. Speakman. 2004. Measuring metabolic rate in the field: The
pros and cons of the doubly labelled water and heart rate methods. Functional Ecology 18(2):168–183.
Caldwell, D.K. and H.M. Fields. 1959. Surf-riding by Atlantic bottle-nosed dolphins. Journal of
Mammalogy 40:454–455.
Castellini, M.A., G.L. Kooyman, and P.J. Ponganis. 1992. Metabolic rates of freely diving Weddell
seals: Correlations with oxygen stores, swim velocity and diving duration. Journal of
Experimental Biology 165(1): 181–194.
Castellini, M.A., B.J. Murphy, M.A. Fedak, K. Ronald, N. Gofton, and P.W. Hochachka. 1985.
Potentially conflicting metabolic demands of diving and exercise in seals. Journal of Applied
Physiology 58(2): 392–399.
Costa, D.P. 1987. Isotopic methods for quantifying material and energy intake of free-ranging marine
mammals. Approaches to Marine Mammal Energetics 1: 43–66.
Costa, D.P., B.J. Le Boeuf, A.C. Huntley, and C.L. Ortiz. 1986. The energetics of lactation in the northern elephant seal, Mirounga angustirostris. Journal of Zoology 209(1): 21–33.
Crocker, D.E., B.J. Le Boeuf, and D.P. Costa. 1997. Drift diving in female northern elephant seals:
Implications for food processing. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75(1): 27–39.
Dalton, A.J.M., D.A.S. Rosen, and A.W. Trites. 2014. Season and time of day affect the ability of accelerometry and the doubly labeled water methods to measure energy expenditure in northern
fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 452: 125–136.
Davis, R.W., L.A. Fuiman, T.M. Williams, M. Horning, and W. Hagey. 2003. Classification of Weddell
seal dives based on 3-dimensional movements and video-recorded observations. Marine
Ecology Progress Series 264: 109–122.
Davis, R.W., L. Polasek, R. Watson, A. Fuson, T.M. Williams, and S.B. Kanatous. 2004. The diving paradox: New insights into the role of the dive response in air-breathing vertebrates. Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 138(3): 263–268.
Davis, R.W. and D. Weihs. 2007. Locomotion in diving elephant seals: Physical and physiological constraints. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362(1487): 2141–2150.
Davis, R.W. and T.M. Williams. 2012. The marine mammal dive response is exercise modulated to
maximize aerobic dive duration. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 198(8): 583–591.
Davis, R.W., T.M. Williams, and G.L. Kooyman. 1985. Swimming metabolism of yearling and adult
harbor seals Phoca vitulina. Physiological Zoology 58:590–596.
Dunkin, R.C., W.A. McLellan, J.E. Blum, and D.A. Pabst. 2010. The buoyancy of the integument of
Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Effects of growth, reproduction, and nutritional state. Marine Mammal Science 26(3): 573–587.
Fahlman, A., R. Wilson, C. Svärd, D.A. Rosen, and A.W. Trites. 2008. Activity and diving metabolism
correlate in Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus. Aquatic Biology 2: 75–84.
Fedak, M.A. 1986. Diving and exercise in seals: A benthic perspective. In: Diving in Animals and Man,
eds. A.D. Brubakk, J.W. Kanwisher, and G. Sundnes. Trondheim, Norway: Tapir Publishers.
Fedak, M.A., L. Rome, and H.J. Seeherman. 1981. One-step N 2 -dilution technique for calibrating
open-circuit VO 2 measuring systems. Journal of Applied Physiology 51(3): 772–776.
Feldkamp, S.D. 1987. Swimming in the California sea lion: Morphometrics, drag and energetics.
Journal of Experimental Biology 131(1): 117–135.
Fish, F.E. 1994. Influence of hydrodynamic-design and propulsive mode on mammalian swimming
energetics. Australian Journal of Zoology 42(1): 79–101.
Folkens, P.A., R.R. Reeves, B.S. Stewart, P.J. Clapham, and J.A. Powell. 2002. Guide to Marine Mammals
of the World. New York: AA Knopf.
Gleiss, A.C., R.P. Wilson, and E.L. Shepard. 2011. Making overall dynamic body acceleration work:
On the theory of acceleration as a proxy for energy expenditure. Methods in Ecology and
Evolution 2(1): 23–33.
Goldbogen, J.A., J. Calambokidis, D.A. Croll et al. 2008. Foraging behavior of humpback whales:
Kinematic and respiratory patterns suggest a high cost for a lunge. Journal of Experimental
Biology 211(23): 3712–3719.
Goldbogen, J.A., J. Calambokidis, D.A. Croll et al. 2012. Scaling of lunge‐feeding performance in
rorqual whales: Mass‐specific energy expenditure increases with body size and progressively
limits diving capacity. Functional Ecology 26(1): 216–226.
Chapter three: Exercise energetics
Butler, P.J., J.A. Green, I.L., Boyd, and J.R. Speakman. 2004. Measuring metabolic rate in the field: The
pros and cons of the doubly labelled water and heart rate methods. Functional Ecology 18(2):168–183.
Caldwell, D.K. and H.M. Fields. 1959. Surf-riding by Atlantic bottle-nosed dolphins. Journal of
Mammalogy 40:454–455.
Castellini, M.A., G.L. Kooyman, and P.J. Ponganis. 1992. Metabolic rates of freely diving Weddell
seals: Correlations with oxygen stores, swim velocity and diving duration. Journal of
Experimental Biology 165(1): 181–194.
Castellini, M.A., B.J. Murphy, M.A. Fedak, K. Ronald, N. Gofton, and P.W. Hochachka. 1985.
Potentially conflicting metabolic demands of diving and exercise in seals. Journal of Applied
Physiology 58(2): 392–399.
Costa, D.P. 1987. Isotopic methods for quantifying material and energy intake of free-ranging marine
mammals. Approaches to Marine Mammal Energetics 1: 43–66.
Costa, D.P., B.J. Le Boeuf, A.C. Huntley, and C.L. Ortiz. 1986. The energetics of lactation in the northern elephant seal, Mirounga angustirostris. Journal of Zoology 209(1): 21–33.
Crocker, D.E., B.J. Le Boeuf, and D.P. Costa. 1997. Drift diving in female northern elephant seals:
Implications for food processing. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75(1): 27–39.
Dalton, A.J.M., D.A.S. Rosen, and A.W. Trites. 2014. Season and time of day affect the ability of accelerometry and the doubly labeled water methods to measure energy expenditure in northern
fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 452: 125–136.
Davis, R.W., L.A. Fuiman, T.M. Williams, M. Horning, and W. Hagey. 2003. Classification of Weddell
seal dives based on 3-dimensional movements and video-recorded observations. Marine
Ecology Progress Series 264: 109–122.
Davis, R.W., L. Polasek, R. Watson, A. Fuson, T.M. Williams, and S.B. Kanatous. 2004. The diving paradox: New insights into the role of the dive response in air-breathing vertebrates. Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 138(3): 263–268.
Davis, R.W. and D. Weihs. 2007. Locomotion in diving elephant seals: Physical and physiological constraints. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362(1487): 2141–2150.
Davis, R.W. and T.M. Williams. 2012. The marine mammal dive response is exercise modulated to
maximize aerobic dive duration. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 198(8): 583–591.
Davis, R.W., T.M. Williams, and G.L. Kooyman. 1985. Swimming metabolism of yearling and adult
harbor seals Phoca vitulina. Physiological Zoology 58:590–596.
Dunkin, R.C., W.A. McLellan, J.E. Blum, and D.A. Pabst. 2010. The buoyancy of the integument of
Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Effects of growth, reproduction, and nutritional state. Marine Mammal Science 26(3): 573–587.
Fahlman, A., R. Wilson, C. Svärd, D.A. Rosen, and A.W. Trites. 2008. Activity and diving metabolism
correlate in Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus. Aquatic Biology 2: 75–84.
Fedak, M.A. 1986. Diving and exercise in seals: A benthic perspective. In: Diving in Animals and Man,
eds. A.D. Brubakk, J.W. Kanwisher, and G. Sundnes. Trondheim, Norway: Tapir Publishers.
Fedak, M.A., L. Rome, and H.J. Seeherman. 1981. One-step N 2 -dilution technique for calibrating
open-circuit VO 2 measuring systems. Journal of Applied Physiology 51(3): 772–776.
Feldkamp, S.D. 1987. Swimming in the California sea lion: Morphometrics, drag and energetics.
Journal of Experimental Biology 131(1): 117–135.
Fish, F.E. 1994. Influence of hydrodynamic-design and propulsive mode on mammalian swimming
energetics. Australian Journal of Zoology 42(1): 79–101.
Folkens, P.A., R.R. Reeves, B.S. Stewart, P.J. Clapham, and J.A. Powell. 2002. Guide to Marine Mammals
of the World. New York: AA Knopf.
Gleiss, A.C., R.P. Wilson, and E.L. Shepard. 2011. Making overall dynamic body acceleration work:
On the theory of acceleration as a proxy for energy expenditure. Methods in Ecology and
Evolution 2(1): 23–33.
Goldbogen, J.A., J. Calambokidis, D.A. Croll et al. 2008. Foraging behavior of humpback whales:
Kinematic and respiratory patterns suggest a high cost for a lunge. Journal of Experimental
Biology 211(23): 3712–3719.
Goldbogen, J.A., J. Calambokidis, D.A. Croll et al. 2012. Scaling of lunge‐feeding performance in
rorqual whales: Mass‐specific energy expenditure increases with body size and progressively
limits diving capacity. Functional Ecology 26(1): 216–226.