335
Chapter fourteen: Toxicology and poisons
Shaikh, Z.A., T.T. Vu, and K. Zaman. 1999. Oxidative stress as a mechanism of chronic cadmiuminduced hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity and protection by antioxidants. Toxicology and Applied
Pharmacology 154:256–263. doi: 10.1006/taap.1998.8586.
Shendure, J. 2008. The beginning of the end for microarrays? Nature Methods 5:585–587.
Silvagni, P.A., L.J. Lowenstine, T. Spraker, T.P. Lipscomb, and F.M.D. Gulland. 2005. Pathology
of domoic acid toxicity in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Veterinary Pathology
42 (2):184–191. doi: 10.1354/vp.42-2-184.
Smith, T.G. and F.A.J. Armstrong. 1978. Mercury and selenium in ringed and bearded seal tissues
from Arctic Canada. Arctic 31:75–84. doi: 10.2307/40508886.
Smith, T.G., J.R. Geraci, and D.J. St. Aubin. 1983. Reaction of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus,
to a controlled oil spill. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 40 (9):1522–1525.
Smultea, M.A. and B. Würsig. 1995. Behavioral reactions of bottlenose dolphins to the Mega Borg oil
spill, Gulf of Mexico 1990. Aquatic Mammals 21 (3):171–181.
Stocker, R., Y. Yamamoto, A.F. McDonagh, A.N. Glazer, and B.N. Ames. 1987. Bilirubin is an antioxidant of possible physiological importance. Science 235:1043–1046. doi: 10.1126/science.3029864.
Suzuki, C.A.M. and S.L. Hierlihy. 1993. Renal clearance of domoic acid in the rat. Food and Chemical
Toxicology 31:701–706.
Tanabe, S. 2002. Contamination and toxic effects of persistent endocrine disrupters in marine
mammals and birds. Marine Pollution Bulletin 45:69–77. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/
S0025-326X(02)00175-3.
Tanabe, S., S. Watanabe, H. Kan, and R. Tatsukawa. 1988. Capacity and mode of PCB metabolism in
small cetaceans. Marine Mammal Science 4:103–124.
Teigen, S.W., R.A. Andersen, H.L. Daae, and J.U. Skaare. 1999. Heavy metal content in liver and k idneys
of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in various life stages correlated with m etallothionein levels:
Some metal—Binding characteristics of this protein. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
18 (10):2364–2369. http://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620181034.
Teramitsu, I., Y. Yamamoto, I. Chiba, H. Iwata, S. Tanabe, Y. Fujise, A. Kajusaka, F. Akahori, and
S. Fujita. 2000. Identification of novel cytochrome P450 1A genes from five marine mammal
species. Aquatic Toxicology 51:145–153.
Tift, M.S., P.J. Ponganis, and D.E. Crocker. 2014. Elevated carboxyhemoglobin in a marine mammal,
the northern elephant seal. Journal of Experimental Biology 217:1752–1757. doi: 10.1242/jeb.100677.
Tonk, E.C.M., D.M.G. de Groot, A.H. Penninks, I.D.H. Waalkens-Berendsen, A.P.M. Wolterbeek, W. Slob,
A. H. Piersma, and H.V. Loveren. 2010. Developmental immunotoxicity of methylmercury: The relative sensitivity of developmental and immune parameters. Toxicological Sciences 117 (2):325–335.
Trojanowska, B. and A. Sapota. 1974. Binding of cadmium and mercury by metallothionein in the
kidneys and liver of rats following repeated administration. Archives of Toxicology 32(4):351–360.
Valério, E., S. Chaves, and R. Tenreiro. 2010. Diversity and impact of prokaryotic toxins on aquatic
environments: A review. Toxins 2 (10): 2359–2410.
Van de Vijver, K.I., P.T. Hoff, K. Das, W.V. Dongen, E.L. Esmans, T. Jauniaux, J.M. Bouquegneau,
R. Blust, and W. de Coen. 2003. Perfluorinated chemicals infiltrate ocean waters: Link between
exposure levels and stable isotope ratios in marine mammals. Environmental Science &
Technology 37(24): 5545–5550.
Van Dolah, F.M., G.J. Doucette, F.M.D. Gulland, T.L. Rowles, and G.D. Bossart. 2003. 10 impacts of
algal toxins on marine mammals. In Toxicology of Marine Mammals, New Perspectives: Toxicology
and the Environment, Vol. 3, eds. J.G. Vos, G.D. Bossart, M. Fournier, and T.J. O’Shea. Taylor &
Francis, New York, pp. 247–269.
Van Egmond, H.P., M.E. Van Apeldoom, and G.J.A. Speijers. 2004. Marine biotoxins. FAO Food and
Nutrition Paper 80. UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy.
Van Hoomissen, S., F.M.D. Gulland, D.J. Greig, J.M. Castellini, and T.M. O’Hara. 2015. Blood and hair
mercury concentrations in the Pacific Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) pup: Associations
with neurodevelopmental outcomes. EcoHealth. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%
2Fs10393-015-1021-8.
Van Straalen, N.M., D. Roelofs, C.A.M. Van Gestel, and T.E. De Boer. 2010. Comment on
Ecotoxicogenomics: Bridging the gap between genes and populations. Environmental Science
and Technology 44(23):9239–9240.
Chapter fourteen: Toxicology and poisons
Shaikh, Z.A., T.T. Vu, and K. Zaman. 1999. Oxidative stress as a mechanism of chronic cadmiuminduced hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity and protection by antioxidants. Toxicology and Applied
Pharmacology 154:256–263. doi: 10.1006/taap.1998.8586.
Shendure, J. 2008. The beginning of the end for microarrays? Nature Methods 5:585–587.
Silvagni, P.A., L.J. Lowenstine, T. Spraker, T.P. Lipscomb, and F.M.D. Gulland. 2005. Pathology
of domoic acid toxicity in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Veterinary Pathology
42 (2):184–191. doi: 10.1354/vp.42-2-184.
Smith, T.G. and F.A.J. Armstrong. 1978. Mercury and selenium in ringed and bearded seal tissues
from Arctic Canada. Arctic 31:75–84. doi: 10.2307/40508886.
Smith, T.G., J.R. Geraci, and D.J. St. Aubin. 1983. Reaction of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus,
to a controlled oil spill. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 40 (9):1522–1525.
Smultea, M.A. and B. Würsig. 1995. Behavioral reactions of bottlenose dolphins to the Mega Borg oil
spill, Gulf of Mexico 1990. Aquatic Mammals 21 (3):171–181.
Stocker, R., Y. Yamamoto, A.F. McDonagh, A.N. Glazer, and B.N. Ames. 1987. Bilirubin is an antioxidant of possible physiological importance. Science 235:1043–1046. doi: 10.1126/science.3029864.
Suzuki, C.A.M. and S.L. Hierlihy. 1993. Renal clearance of domoic acid in the rat. Food and Chemical
Toxicology 31:701–706.
Tanabe, S. 2002. Contamination and toxic effects of persistent endocrine disrupters in marine
mammals and birds. Marine Pollution Bulletin 45:69–77. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/
S0025-326X(02)00175-3.
Tanabe, S., S. Watanabe, H. Kan, and R. Tatsukawa. 1988. Capacity and mode of PCB metabolism in
small cetaceans. Marine Mammal Science 4:103–124.
Teigen, S.W., R.A. Andersen, H.L. Daae, and J.U. Skaare. 1999. Heavy metal content in liver and k idneys
of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in various life stages correlated with m etallothionein levels:
Some metal—Binding characteristics of this protein. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
18 (10):2364–2369. http://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620181034.
Teramitsu, I., Y. Yamamoto, I. Chiba, H. Iwata, S. Tanabe, Y. Fujise, A. Kajusaka, F. Akahori, and
S. Fujita. 2000. Identification of novel cytochrome P450 1A genes from five marine mammal
species. Aquatic Toxicology 51:145–153.
Tift, M.S., P.J. Ponganis, and D.E. Crocker. 2014. Elevated carboxyhemoglobin in a marine mammal,
the northern elephant seal. Journal of Experimental Biology 217:1752–1757. doi: 10.1242/jeb.100677.
Tonk, E.C.M., D.M.G. de Groot, A.H. Penninks, I.D.H. Waalkens-Berendsen, A.P.M. Wolterbeek, W. Slob,
A. H. Piersma, and H.V. Loveren. 2010. Developmental immunotoxicity of methylmercury: The relative sensitivity of developmental and immune parameters. Toxicological Sciences 117 (2):325–335.
Trojanowska, B. and A. Sapota. 1974. Binding of cadmium and mercury by metallothionein in the
kidneys and liver of rats following repeated administration. Archives of Toxicology 32(4):351–360.
Valério, E., S. Chaves, and R. Tenreiro. 2010. Diversity and impact of prokaryotic toxins on aquatic
environments: A review. Toxins 2 (10): 2359–2410.
Van de Vijver, K.I., P.T. Hoff, K. Das, W.V. Dongen, E.L. Esmans, T. Jauniaux, J.M. Bouquegneau,
R. Blust, and W. de Coen. 2003. Perfluorinated chemicals infiltrate ocean waters: Link between
exposure levels and stable isotope ratios in marine mammals. Environmental Science &
Technology 37(24): 5545–5550.
Van Dolah, F.M., G.J. Doucette, F.M.D. Gulland, T.L. Rowles, and G.D. Bossart. 2003. 10 impacts of
algal toxins on marine mammals. In Toxicology of Marine Mammals, New Perspectives: Toxicology
and the Environment, Vol. 3, eds. J.G. Vos, G.D. Bossart, M. Fournier, and T.J. O’Shea. Taylor &
Francis, New York, pp. 247–269.
Van Egmond, H.P., M.E. Van Apeldoom, and G.J.A. Speijers. 2004. Marine biotoxins. FAO Food and
Nutrition Paper 80. UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy.
Van Hoomissen, S., F.M.D. Gulland, D.J. Greig, J.M. Castellini, and T.M. O’Hara. 2015. Blood and hair
mercury concentrations in the Pacific Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) pup: Associations
with neurodevelopmental outcomes. EcoHealth. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%
2Fs10393-015-1021-8.
Van Straalen, N.M., D. Roelofs, C.A.M. Van Gestel, and T.E. De Boer. 2010. Comment on
Ecotoxicogenomics: Bridging the gap between genes and populations. Environmental Science
and Technology 44(23):9239–9240.